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| Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined. - Henry David Thoreau  Brief 简介 Henry David Thoreau was an American author, naturalist, transcendentalist, pacifist, tax resister and philosopher who is famous for Walden, on simple living amongst nature, and Civil Disobedience, on resistance to civil government and among 22 other books that Thoreau published. He was a lifelong abolitionist, delivering lectures that attacked the Fugitive Slave Law while praising the writings of Wendell Phillips and defending the abolitionist John Brown. Among his lasting contributions were his writings on natural history and philosophy, where he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern day environmentalism. 亨利·戴维·梭罗是一名美国作家、自然主义者、超验主义者、和平主义者、抗税者以及哲学家。他因《瓦尔登湖》、《论公民的不服从》以及其它所出版的22本书籍而成名，《瓦尔登湖》涉及在大自然中的简朴生活，《论公民的不服从》是对公民政府的反抗。他毕生都是废奴主义者，授课赞扬温德尔·菲利普斯的作品并为废奴主义者约翰·布朗辩护，同时抨击逃奴法案。在他最后的稿件——对自然史和哲学的著述中，他预见到了生态学以及环境史的规律和发现，那是当代环境保护论的两个出处。 Life and Work生活与工作 He was born in Concord, Massachusetts, and studied at Harvard between 1833 and 1837, majoring in English. Today, an equivalent degree would be in comparative literature. Legends state that Thoreau refused to pay a five-dollar fee for a Harvard diploma. In fact, the Masters' degree he declined to purchase had no academic merit: Harvard College offered it to graduates “who proved their physical worth by being alive three years after graduating, and their saving, earning, or inheriting quality or condition by having Five Dollars to give the college.” His comment was Let every sheep keep its own skin. 他出生于马萨诸塞州的康科德，并在1833至1837年间就读于哈佛，主修英语。相当于今天的比较文学专业。传闻梭罗拒绝为哈佛的文凭支付五美元的费用。事实上，他拒绝购买的硕士学位并无学术价值：哈佛学院向“那些能通过毕业三年后还活着来证明其实际的价值，同时他们的储蓄、收入、所承袭的财产或是社会地位使之能向学院支付五美元。”的毕业生们提供此学位。而他对此的评论是“让每个人都能有不同的个性”。 Of the esteemed authors who made their home at Concord, he was the only town native. His many close acquaintances included Ellery Channing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Bronson Alcott, and Nathaniel Hawthorne and his son Julian (at that time only a boy). When Margaret Fuller and her family died in an 1850 shipwreck off Fire Island, Emerson sent Thoreau there to search for remains, later described in his book Cape Cod. 在那些备受尊重并安家落户于康科德的作家之中，他是唯一的当地人。他很多的密友中包括了埃勒里·钱宁、拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默、玛格丽特·福勒、布朗森·奥尔科特、纳撒尼尔·霍桑以及他的儿子朱利安（当时只是个男童）。1850年，玛格丽特·福勒及其家人在火烧岛海难中罹难，爱默生派梭罗去搜寻遗体，这些稍后被记述在梭罗的《科德角》一书中。 As Alcott noted in his journal, Thoreau pronounced his family name THOR-eau, stress on the first syllable, not the last, a common error today. A Concord variant is THUR-eau, like the English word "thorough." In appearance he was homely, with a nose that he called "my most prominent feature," again in Cape Cod. Of his face, Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote: "[Thoreau] is as ugly as sin, long-nosed, queer-mouthed, and with uncouth and rustic, though courteous manners, corresponding very well with such an exterior. But his ugliness is of an honest and agreeable fashion, and becomes him much better than beauty." |
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