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| Familial dysfunction 家族性机能不良 Most of the major characters have dysfunctional parents, particularly fathers, who are either absent, reluctant, or destructive. Most notably, Locke is the victim of a wretched betrayal in "Deus Ex Machina" by both his natural parents. Jack's broken relationship with his alcoholic surgeon father, Christian, is the impetus for him to travel to Australia, at the behest of his mother. Kate murders the abusive man she had believed to be her step-father after discovering he is actually her biological father. She is forced into a life on the run after her mother reveals her crime to the police. While the troubling parental relationships of these four individuals have been the most explored, nearly all the protagonists have had serious difficulties with their families. In many cases, the ways in which the survivors dealt with these relationships led to their being on the island. Reference to philosophers 哲人参考 By admission of the show's writing staff, some characters on Lost reference famous philosophers through their names and connection to each other. While unnecessary to the enjoyment of the series, for some fans, these references expand its literary and philosophical subtext. The two clearest examples, John Locke and Danielle Rousseau, are both named after social contract philosophers who dealt with the relationship between nature and civilization. The character John Locke shares his name with English philosopher John Locke. This philosopher believed that in a natural state, all men had equal rights to punish transgressors; to ensure fair judgment for all, governments were formed to better administer the laws. The philosopher's concept contended that humans are born with a "blank slate" — a tabula rasa (also the title of the Season 1's second episode) — without any innate knowledge or experience, and their identity is therefore a product of their decisions and choices in life. Rousseau shares her surname with Franco-Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued that man is born weak and ignorant, but virtuous nonetheless. He maintained that it is only after man develops society that he becomes wicked. His theory of the Noble Savage hypothesized that a child raised in the wilderness, independent of human society and culture, would be an objectively superior person with regards to a universal set of ethics. Locke's father on the series, Anthony Cooper, shares a name with a real world counterpart, Lord Anthony Ashley-Cooper, who was the philosopher John Locke's political mentor and patron. The character Locke's protegé, Boone Carlyle, shares his name with Thomas Carlyle, a nineteenth-century essayist who spoke of the organization, structure and leadership of society. In his book Heroes and Hero Worship, he proclaimed that by necessity, heroic leaders were inevitably flawed. The show also references Eastern philosophies. The DHARMA Initiative, uses an acronym which refers to Dharma, the "way of higher truths" in sects of Hinduism, Buddhism and Daoism. The symbol used by the Initiative is called a bagua, a wheel of balance often used in feng shui. |
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