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| vodka is a typically colorless liquor,usually distilled from fermented grain or potatoes but also from other raw materials(see“Production”below).It is thought that term is a of the Slavic word“voda”(woda)for“water” The appearance of the drink is not dangerous.it looks like simple water(in Russian the word vodka means “little water”)and some people do not think about dager.Vodka,like any alcohol,can bevery addictive．and if abused can lead to inness． EXcept for various types of flavonngs，vodka consists of water and alcohol(ethanol)．Vodka usually has an alcohol content ranging from 35％to 70％bv Volume．The classic Russian vodka is 40％(80 proof)．This can be attributed to the Russian standards for Vodka production introduced in 1894 by Alexander III from research undertaken bv the famous Russian chemist DmitriMendeleev,According to the Vodka Museum in St．Petersburg，Russia，Mendeleev found the perfect percentage to be 38，but since spirits in his time were taxed on their strength the percentage was rounded up to 40 to simplify the tax computation．At strengths less than this vodka drunk neal(not miXed with of her liquids)can tasce‘Watery’ and above this streng the taste of vodka can have more‘burn’．Under US Federal．law,the minimum alcohol strength of Vodka is also 40％by Volume，whilst in—Europe the minimum is37．5％by volume． Although vodka is generally drunk neat(not mixed with other liquids)，in its Eastern，European and Scandinavian homeland,its growth in popularty elsewhere owes much to its usefulness in cocktails and other mixed drinks,SUCh as the Bloody Mary the Screwdriver．the Vodka Tonic and the Vodka Martini． History历史 One thing is certain:vodka was born in WESTERN EUROPE!Many monasteries.healers,medicine-men,and natural healers used alcohol to create herbal tinctures that were prescribed to treat many disordors. Alcohol was much stronger than water for infusions and has antibacterial properties.Herbal tincturcs became popular as newremedics and alchol was used during surng as an anesthetic.Today alcohol is still widely used in medicine. The essenees of many herbs were used to treat different diseases.The method of extracting herbal essence is simple is simple:a bottle containing herbs is filled with alcohol ,This mixture stands for 2week and is shaken well ever few days It is then strainde and the residue is The herbal extract or essence is ready! Tinctures were sold by healcrs or in pharmacies and prescribed touse as drops But the taste of some of then was so pleasant that people used more than was prescribed ,Later,alcohol started to be used in cosmetics． For many centuries beverages contained little alcohol.It is estimated that the maximun amount was about 16％,as only this amount is reachable by means of natural fermintation. The alembic still allowing for distillation “the buring of wine” was invented in the 8th century.The fluid produced by this metbod was used for |
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