Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Part A (每题1分，共20分) Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember,while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET I.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions: For Questions 1-5,You will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Arts. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)
1、Opened to the public (year)
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
1876
2、The west wing completed (year)
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
1981
3、The most remarkable department
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
textiles
4、Exhibition space (m2)
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
19，137
5、Programs provided classes lectures 5 films
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
concerts
Section Ⅰ Part B(每题1分，共5分) Directions: For Questions 6-10，you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below.(5 points)
6、What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple?
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
(the couple) themselves
7、Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
constructively
8、Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they cant talk with each other?
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
a qualified psychologist
9、Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
good intentions
10、According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder?
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
absence
Section Ⅰ Part C （共三节，满分10分）Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing ［[A]，［[B]，［[C]or［[D] . After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.
11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
A.sleep in three distinct parts
B have many fiveminute naps
C.sleep in one long block
D.take one or two naps daily
12、According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
A.its genes
B. its habit
C.its mental state
D.its physical condition
13、The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
A.take some refreshment
B.go to bed early
C.have a long rest
D.give in to sleep
Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie, an American Indian poet. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
A.He could bring unfinished work home.
B.He might have time to pursue his interests.
C.He might do some evening teaching.
D.He could invest more emotion in his family.
15、What was his original goal at college?
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
A.To teach in high school.
B.To write his own books.
C.To be a medical doctor.
D. To be a mathematician.
16、Why did he take the poetrywriting class?
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
A.To follow his father.
B.For an easy grade.
C.To change his specialty.
D.For knowledge of poetry.
Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
A.Confidence.
B. Preparation.
C.Informativeness.
D. Organization.
18、 What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audiences attention？
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
A. Gather abundant data.
B. Organize the ideas logically.
C.Develop a great opening.
D.Select appropriate material.
19、If you dont start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
A. uneasy
B. uncertain
C. frustrated
D. depressed
20、Who is this speech most probably meant for?
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
A.Those interested in the power of persuasion.
B.Those trying to improve their public image.
C.Those planning to take up some public work.
D.Those eager to become effective speakers.
Section II Use of English（满分10分） Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ［[A]，［[B]，［[C] or ［[D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (21)[] to how they can be best (22)[] such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23)[], but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24)[] they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need the (25)[] that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26)[] by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be (27)[] to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28)[] ,publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews, (29)[] student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide (30)[] opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31)[] dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32)[] of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33)[] visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34)[] attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized (35)[] participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to (36)[] else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants (37)[]. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. (38)[] they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by (39)[] for roles that are within their (40)[] and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
21、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题涉及词汇的使用知识。文章开头第一句话即指出教师们应清楚年轻人所经历的情感、智力和身体方面的变化。本句承接第一句，所以其中的两个“THEY”所指的分别是教师和青少年。即教师要在一些方面给学生以某种东西。再浏览一下四个选项，就很自然可以得出结论。在此基础上，可再结合空格后的搭配关系加以验证。［A］GIVE THOUGHT TO 意思是对某事予以考虑。［B］IDEA无法与GIVE搭配，因为IDEA是一个内心的想法，只能说有(HAVE)某种想法；［C］OPINION无论从意义上还是搭配上都不正确。［D］GIVE ADVICE 意思是提出劝告建议给其他人
[A] thought
[B] idea
[C] opinion
[D] advice
22、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题涉及一词多义知识。HOW从句中的主语THEY指的是青少年。根据上一句的CHANGE和本句中的关键线索宾语CHANGE，以及下一句中的24题之后的ADJUST TO，可以肯定此处应填入表示“适应”一意的动词，故选［B］。
[A] strengthen
[B] accommodate
[C] stimulate
[D] enhance
23、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查考生的一般词汇知识。答对本题的关键在于AND一词和这一段的主题词之一的MOVEMENT。也就是说，空格中的词与AND之前的MOVEMENT要相近或属于同一类，同时又要与MOVEMENT有关，符合这两个条件的只有EXERCISE。
[A] care
[B] nutrition
[C] exercise
[D] leisure
24、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查上下句的语义连贯性。此处要求填入一个连词，引导一个状语从句，因此应冷静分析从句的内容与主句内容的关系。如果没有把握，最好等做完25和26 题之后，再来做这一题。主句的大体意思是：青少年尤其敏感，尤其需要信心。那么这与从句“他们在适应一系列的变化”存在一种什么样的逻辑关系呢？显然不是条件关系，排除［A］。［C］WHEREAS引导表示对比的从句，而且要放在主句的后面，［C］被排除。剩下的［B］和［D］中，不难看出，因果关系较之于转折关系更符合逻辑。
[A] If
[B] Although
[C] Whereas
[D] Because
25、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题同样考查上下文语义的连贯理解能力。本题较为简单。主要线索在于空格后的定语从句，其它的线索还有诸如COMPETITION, WINNERS, LOSERS等一些零散的词。但此处是做对第24题和第26题的关键，所以对这种题马虎不得。
[A] assistance
[B]guidance
[C] confidence
[D] tolerance
26、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生的一般词汇知识。本句中ACHIEVING SUCCESS和KNOWING ...是并列的动名词短语。空格处连同前面第25题合在一起的意思就是：从获得成功和自己的成就被别人……而来的信心，所以破折号部分肯定是“认可”或“钦佩”等类似意义的词。再看选项，［A］CLAIM后常接所说的话，表示“声称”的意思。也可以接物质名词，表示“承认，认领”，但无论如何与ACCOMPLISHMENT搭不上边；［C］表示“忽视、忽略”，［D］“超过，超越”，但如果你的成就被别人忽视或超越了，信心可能也就无处可来了，所以［C］、［D］都不对。
[A] claimed
[B] admired
[C] ignored
[D] surpassed
27、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查上下文的连贯理解能力。逻辑判断加词义判断是答对本题的要素。句子的意思是：典型的青少年的生活充满了如此之多的竟争（竞争太激烈了），所以设计一些赢者更多的活动是……的。上面的一句话中说青少年需要成功带来信心，所以本句中的这种活动无疑是正确的、明智的。选项［A］“不合适的”和［B］“危险的”与上文矛盾，不可取；［C］表示“公平的，公正的”，不能说“设计（计划）一些活动”是否公正，所以不通。
[A] improper
[B] risky
[C] fair
[D] wise
28、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查上下文的连贯理解能力。撇开第29题不说（事实上可以顺便看一眼选项，四个都是动名词），应能看到空格后的PUBLISHING ……，29题以后的SPONSORING是并列的（而且是用逗号标志的）。对写作稍有感觉的话，马上可以断定［C］是正确的，再用29题验证一下，这几个动名词不就是ACTIVITIES的几个例子吗？没有感觉的话，也可以用排除法。［A］IN EFFECT在作插入语的时候，类似于IN FACT，表示“实际上”。如：HE IS, IN EFFECT, MY RIVAL. （实际上他是我的竞争对手。）
［B］AS A RESULT表示结果；［D］IN A SENSE表示补充或缓和语气，意为“在某种意义上”，逻辑上都不通。
这一题还告诉我们，做CLOZE时一眼看的东西尽量要多一点。
[A] in effect
[B] as a result
[C] for example
[D] in a sense
29、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查一般的词汇知识。只要看清28题中所说的并列关系，这一题应该是很简单的。四个选项也都是高频词，选择“展出（DISPLAY）”顺理成章，做题时不妨兼顾一下前面的“PUBLISHING”这个词。
[A] displaying
[B] describing
[C] creating
[D] exchanging
30、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生的词汇知识。本题为词义辨析题，四个选项略显冷僻，它们分别是：［A］耐久的；［B］过多的, 过分的；［C］过剩的, 剩余的；［D］多样的, 多重的。［A］明显不能修饰OPPORTUNITIES；［B］、［C］中均含“过”义，不对。
[A] durable
[B] excessive
[C] surplus
[D] multiple
31、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生对上下文对比性语义的把握能力。本题有较大的难度。可以分三步去做。
①先将四个选项作一下分类，可以看出［A］/［D］表示集体，B/C表示个体。②在第一步的基础上，再进行［A］/［D］或［B］/［C］的二选一。选项［D］表示“企业，公司”一类，可以排除；［B］/［C］中，［B］表示“个体”，与“GROUP”互为反义，这样［C］可自然排除。所以答案应当在［A］/［B］之间。③确定究竟填的词是表示集体还是个体。考虑一下他们（青少年）所在的环境——俱乐部，群体的可能性大一些。原因之二：AS WELL AS 连接的往往是一个事物的两个相反的方面，它前面的部分是“领导的机会”，锻炼的当然是个人的（领导）能力，与之相对的应该是集体的方面；原因之三：DYNAMICS在此处取的是它比较生僻的意思。DYNAMICS通常表示动力学，但在本句中它指的是：THE SOCIAL, INTELLECTUAL, OR MORAL FORCES THAT PRODUCE ACTIVITY AND CHANGE IN A GIVEN SPHERE 即社会力量：社会的、理智的或道德的力量，它在一定范围内产生、运动与变化。《美国传统词典（双解）》如：
THE DYNAMICS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE HAVE INFLUENCED OUR BUSINESS DECISIONS ON THIS MATTER.
国际贸易的动态影响了我们对此所作的商务决定。
基于此，答案应为［A］。
[A] group
[B] individual
[C] personnel
[D] corporation
32、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查词汇知识。本题主要为词义辨析，可逐一排除。［A］表示“同意； 赞成”，分别与AGREEMENT和PERMISSION同义；［B］指“保险（业）”或“预防失败的措施”；［C］指“允许进入”或“进入，加入”；［D］“安全，保障，保护”。结合上文，［B］明显没有道理；对于腼腆的孩子们，他们也并不需要某个组织（俱乐部）的AGREEMENT或PERMISSION，只能选择［D］。这句话的意思是：许多腼腆的孩子们需要某个组织的保障。
[A] consent
[B] insurance
[C] admission
[D] security
33、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生对句义的细微之处的把握。本题的关键是要注意到VISIBLE之后的IN THE BACKGROUND。既然是在幕后，当然不是在亮点上露面，所以此处要选“几乎不”一词，即［B］。RARELY表示“（几乎）从来不；很少”；表频率，只能修饰动词或具有动作性质的形容词，如“PRESENT，ANGRY，LATE”等，但不能修饰表示纯状态的形容词，以-BLE为后缀的派生词就是其中一种。理解BARELY和RARELY的区别时可以部分参考NOT 和NEVER的区别。
[A] particularly
[B] barely
[C] definitely
[D] rarely
34、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查一般词汇知识，比较简单。ATTENTION SPAN 是一个心理学术语，指的是注意力集中的时间长度。在青少年以及儿童群体中，每个人的ATTENTION SPAN是不一样的，这是一个常识。从上下文意思的角度来看，本题也应选［D］。
[A] similar
[B] long
[C] different
[D] short
35
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查考生对上下句句义的把握能力。本题考察的是状语从句连词。主句“安排各种各样的活动”的目的是为了让参加者积极参与，因而后面的从句是表示目的的状语，因此要选［C］“为了”。其它三个选项均表示条件或让步，不可。
[A] if only
[B] now that
[C] so that
[D] even if
36、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查代词使用知识。根据上文，安排多种活动的目的是让参加者参加一项活动之后再去参加别的活动，所以要选肯定意义的词，［A］或［D］。而事实上，活动只能一项一项地参加，不可能同时参加所有的活动，所以不能选EVERYTHING，故正确答案为［D］。
[A] everything
[B] anything
[C] nothing
[D] something
37、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查介词短语知识。固定词组搭配。LET与四个选项搭配后的四个词组分别是：LET SB. OFF：解雇；LET SB. DOWN：扫（某人的）兴；失约；LET SB. OUT：让（允许）出去；LET SB. ALONE：不打扰，让一个人呆着。通常，我们离开某项活动时也许会让别人扫兴，故此应选［B］。
[A] off
[B] down
[C] out
[D] alone
38、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查介词短语知识。标志词是近年来常考的一项，但为数并不多，也不难记，建议考生熟练掌握。本题前面的句子是个否定句，因此后面是对上句的转折，因此选［A］“相反”。其它三个选项分别是：［B］平均；［C］总的来说；［D］另一方面
[A] On the contrary
[B] On the average
[C] On the whole
[D] On the other hand
39、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查考生利用上下文选择判断的能力。注意本题考的不是固定词组。［A］、［B］、［D］均是固定词组，但意义均不通。MAKE FOR 的意思是向某个方向前进；STAND FOR 意为“代表；象征”；TAKE FOR 的意思是“认为”。而根据第27题所在的句子中有PLAN ACTIVITIES；本段第二句话也说A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES SHOULD BE ORGANIZED；选择PLAN较为正确。空格后的FOR ROLES作不及物动词PLAN的状语。
[A] making
[B] standing
[C] planning
[D] taking
40、
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生的词汇知识。本题是词义辩析题，只要认识选项中的四个词，即可很容易得出正确答案。它们分别是：［A］能力；［B］责任；［C］在用于“PROFICIENCY TEST”中，通常译为“能力考试”，但真正的意思是“熟练, 精通, 熟练程度”；［D］效率。
[A] capabilties
[B] responsibilities
[C] proficiency
[D] efficiency
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A （满分40分） Directions:
Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Passage 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession”. These days the Net, which has already remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well. The last revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens email. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of pointandclick spying. The spooks call it “opensource intelligence”， and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions， whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligenceanalysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energyservices firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com. Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“ As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new Internet signups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.” Opensource spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That s where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have militaryintelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington backand forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
41. The emergence of the Net has
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题，问网络的出现导致了什么结果。见第一段最后一句“THESE DAYS THE NET ...IS RESHAPING DONOVANS VOCATION”。从上文我们知道，DONOVAN是间谍出身，因而DONOVANS VOCATION即指间谍业，RESHAPE与REMOLD又是同义，选项［B］与该句完全对应。
[A] received support from fans like Donovan.
[B] remolded the intelligence services.
[C] restored many common pastimes.
[D] revived spying as a profession.
42. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］该题涉及作者的写作意图，问文章开头为何提到间谍DONOVAN。本文讲述的是INTERNET 对于现代间谍业的影响。文章第一段以中央情报局的奠基人DILL DONOVAN 为引子，引出话题，第二段简要介绍INTERNET SPYING作为一个行业的发展，最后三段介绍了SRTAITFORD INC.公司、其成功之处以及它的特点。
[A] introduce the topic of online spying.
[B] show how he fought for the U.S.
[C] give an episode of the information war.
[D] honor his unique services to the CIA.
43、The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道词义题，该短语出现在第三段开头。MAKE ［CUT］ A SPLASH原意为发出泼溅声; 比喻摆阔, 摆排场, 炫耀, 引起哄动等。在此处可结合下文考虑。这类判断词义的题其答案通常都只在其所在的段落中，所以重点要在本段中寻找答案。一在紧接下来的第二句中即提到STRAITFORD如何挣钱，而整段（包括后文）均没有提到［A］惹麻烦；［B］作出努力；［D］受欢迎，故此选［C］。
[A] causing the biggest trouble.
[B] exerting the greatest effort.
[C] achieving the greatest success.
[D] enjoying the widest popularity.
44、It can be learned from paragraph 4 that
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道推论题，问可以从第四段中推导出什么结论。既然题干中出现“IT CAN BE LEARNED FROM PARAGRAPH 4”，本题答案应当在第四段。根据第二句“上周该公司正忙于从世界各地搜集（挖空）数据”可知其收集的数据极为全面和相当可靠的。因此选［D］。作者在谈到风险的时候，加以肯定，但又用了“OF COURSE”来削弱语气，可知这不是重点所在，故不能选［B］、［C］。关于这条信息的结果，作者引用了FRIEDMAN的话，其中又是将来时态，［A］的完成时与此相矛盾，故［A］也不正确。
[A] Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true.
[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.
[C] Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability.
[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.
45、Straitford is most proud of its
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题，问斯特拉伏特公司最自豪的是什么。题干中的“IS PROUD OF”与文章最后一句中的TAKES PRIDE IN意义相同，可知答案即其后的“ITS INDEPENDENT VOICE”。选项［B］中的NONCONFORMIST原指“非国教徒, 不遵奉英国国教的基督新教徒”，引申为“不符合准则或规范的人；不服从，或拒绝被既定的信仰，风俗，或规则约束的人”，即有独立观点之意。
译文 解读 维尔德·比尔·多诺万会喜欢互联网的，这位美国超级间谍在二战中创建了战略服务处，也是后来的中央情报局的奠基人，他对情报可谓着了迷。他认为，就利用所能触及的一切工具去进行间谍活动这一“伟大的游戏”——间谍活动应视为一门“专业”。互联网络已经改变了像购书和寄信这样的消遣，如今也正在改变多诺万所从事的职业。 这是一个新闻体篇。
第一段以中央情报局的奠基人多诺万为例，引出话题。 最近的这次变革并不是简单地让某人去读他人的电子邮件，那种电子间谍活动已经进行了几十年了。在过去的三、四年间，互联网已经造就了一种叫点击间谍的新行当。间谍们称之为“公开渠道情报”，而且随着互联网的发展，该行业的影响也日渐增强。1995年，中央情报局举行了一次比赛，看谁能收集到最多的关于布隆迪的数据情报，结果以大比分赢得比赛的是弗吉尼亚的一家小公司——“公开渠道信息咨询公司”。它的明显优势在于把握了电子世界。 第二段简要介绍网络间谍作为一个行业的发展。 在这个新领域中最成功的公司之一是斯坦福公司，这是一家位于德克萨斯州的奥斯汀市的私人情报分析公司。斯坦福公司通过给一些如麦克德麦特国际公司这样的能源服务公司出售间谍情报来赢利（情报内容涉及从智利到俄罗斯的许多国家）。公司的许多预测均提供在ITFORD.COM">WWW.STRAITFORD.COM网站。 第三段介绍了斯坦福公司其成功之处及公司特点。 斯坦福公司总裁乔治·弗朗德曼说，网络世界是一个收集情报和发送情报的工具，两者之间可以相互强化，是超级间谍的天堂。上周，他的公司就忙着从世界各地收集信息，预测乌克兰的危机。身为前政治学教授的弗朗德曼说，“报告一旦发布，我们在乌克兰将增500个新的网络用户注册，我们会从他们那儿得到反馈。”当然，公开渠道的间谍活动也有其风险，因为很难区分真假情报，而这正是斯坦福公司的成功所在。
弗朗德曼在奥斯汀只有少数职员，其中有几名曾是军队情报人员。他将公司的旁观者地位视为其成功的关键。斯坦福公司的简报不同于华盛顿那些传统机构部门出言谨慎，以防出错的文件。他说，斯坦福公司引以自豪的便是它的独立性。
[A] official status.
[B] nonconformist image.
[C] efficient staff.
[D] military background.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A （满分40分） Directions:
Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Passage2
To paraphrase 18thcentury statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals——no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such wellmeaning people just dons understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well——known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道细节题，问作者在文章开头引用博克的话的目的是什么。作者针对动物保护主义者反对动物试验的言论使公众困惑（这在作者看来是错误的，有误导性的），引用EDMUND BURKE的话来说明，如果正当的事业得不到公众的支持，那么那些误导的事业就会成功。作者以此来呼吁生化科学家们采取行动来争取人们的理解和支持。本题的直接线索可在第三句话的开头找到，作者说“SCIENTISTS NEED TO RESPOND ...”即是在呼吁科学家们采取行动。
[A] call on scientists to take some actions.
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research.
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement.
47、Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这也是一道细节题，问被误导了的人们往往会对医疗研究用动物进行持何看法。本题可根据前三段中关于被误导的人们的描述所得出的整体印象直接得出结论。最直接的线索是：第三段的最后一句话中说，对这些人而言，“对动物试验最好听的说法是它是一种浪费，说得难听的话，它则是残酷。”［A］错在“NATURAL”一词；［C］错在“INEVITABLE”，这两个词均与“WASTEFUL”相左；［D］则没有提到人们强烈反对动物试验的主要原因，认为它“CRUEL”，选项中的POINTLESS（没有目的的）与WASTEFUL意义重合。
[A] cruel but natural.
[B] inhuman and unacceptable.
[C] inevitable but vicious.
[D] pointless and wasteful.
48、The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题涉及作者的写作意图。本题能直接从例子所在的第三段的最后一句话得出答案，仔细推敲的话，也可由以下事实得出结论：（1）老太太身为动物保护的倡导者，在不知道疫苗来自于动物试验时，鼓励人们不要反对接种；（2）等她知道疫苗来自于动物试验时，她的观点就变了；（3）她对科学家如何发现治疗传染病根本就不知道。
[A] discontent with animal research.
[B] ignorance about medical science.
[C] indifference to epidemics.
[D] anxiety about animal rights.
49、The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题涉及作者的观点，问：面对动物权利倡导者的挑战，作者认为科学家该咋办?本题考察全文的主题。作者遵循的是提出问题-分析原因-解决问题这个议论文的老套路。既然问题出自公众因无知受误导，解决的办法就只有教育公众，与他们进行交流。作者在第一、三、四段不止一次提出了这个主题。主题的直接出现是在第三段的第一句话。
[A] communicate more with the public.
[B] employ hitech means in research.
[C] feel no shame for their cause.
[D] strive to develop new cures.
50、From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题，问COOPER是什么人。从STEPHEN COOPER所惟一出现的第四段中，我们无从看出他的职业，如果不了解STEPHEN COOPER，不宜妄加猜测，因此［A］、［B］不大可能是答案。我们只能根据“WHO HAS MADE COURAGEOUS STATEMENTS ABOUT THE VALUE OF ANIMAL RESEARCH”进行推理，可以看出，［C］中用的ENTHUSIAST（狂热者）有些言过其实，不如［D］准确。
译文 解读 要理解18世纪的政治家爱德蒙德·博克说过的一句话，“如果好人不采取任何行动，就是被误导的活动的胜利。”现在就有这么一个活动，它试图阻止生物医学研究，理由是动物有权要求人们在研究活动中不再使用动物。科学家们必须对动物权利倡导者做出有力的反击，因为这些人的言论诱惑人心，并威胁到健康常识的普及和医疗的进步。动物权利运动的领导者将目标对准生物医学研究，是因为它依赖公共基金，而且人们对健康医疗的研究也不那么了解。听到研究部门残忍地对待动物的传闻，许多人会感到困惑，以为有人故意伤害动物。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段呼吁科学家们要对动物保护主义者的攻击作出有力反应。 例如，在最近一次街头市场上，一位在动物权利摊位工作的祖母级女士在散发宣传册子，鼓励读者不要使用任何来自于或涉及动物实验的物品——不要吃肉、不要穿毛皮衣服、不要吃药。当被问及她是否反对接种疫苗时，她说想知道疫苗是否来自于动物研究。当确信是来自动物研究时，她回答说，“那么我反对。”当再被问到，如果流行性疾病卷土重来该怎么办时，她说，“别担心，科学家会用计算机找到方法解决的。”这些愿望善良的人们只是不了解情况。 第二段举例说明了公众因无知所产生的误解。 科学家必须用一种富于同情，易于理解的方式将信息传递给公众，用人性化的语言，而非用分子生物学的术语。我们必须澄清动物研究与祖母的股骨复位、父亲的导管手术、婴儿的疫苗注射，甚至与宠物的注射之间的联系。对那些不了解只有通过动物研究才能开发出这些治疗方法，才能开发新方法和新疫苗的人来说，动物研究最好处想也只是浪费，而朝坏处想则是残忍。
有许多事情要做，科学家可以“进入”中学课堂，介绍他们的科研活动。他们应尽快回答编辑们的来信，以防动物权利倡导者借机伪装起真理的外表，提供虚假信息而无阻碍。研究机构也应对游客开放，以证明实验室动物受到了人道的对待。最后，因为最终受益者是那些病人，所以医学研究界不光要请像蒂芬·库博那样的知名人士来支持自己的事业（他已勇敢地声明动物研究的价值），还要所有接受过医疗的人来支持自己。如果好人再不行动，那就真会使不明了的公众们浇灭医疗发展的宝贵火种。 第三、四段针对此种情况提出了一系列解决的方案：宣传和教育。
[A] a wellknown humanist.
[B] a medical practitioner.
[C] an enthusiast in animal rights.
[D] a supporter of animal research.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A （满分40分） Directions:
Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Passage 3
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total tonmiles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers. Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
51.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道细节题，问支持合并的人何以认为垄断不会发生。由题干中的THOSE WHO SUPPORT MERGERS可知本题答案在第二段。这一段的前两句是支持兼并的观点。本题的答案在第二句话，它的意思是：他们说，任何垄断的威胁都将被卡车带来的激烈竞争消除掉。因为本文讲的是火车垄断，所以此处的卡车即与选项［C］中的OUTSIDE COMPETITORS相对应，也就是说，因为还有别的竞争，所以铁路垄断不太可能。
[A] cost reduction is based on competition.
[B] services call for crosstrade coordination.
[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.
[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.
52、What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题，问被动发货商对铁路集团的出现持何态度。首先要认识选项中这四个形容词。［A］漠然的，不在乎的；［B］支持的；［C］愤怒的；［D］担心的。文章中最明显的线索在最后一段第一句话的开头部分，“MANY CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ALSO FEAR ...”。
[A] Indifferent.
[B] Supportive.
[C] Indignant.
[D] Apprehensive.
53、It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］该题要求考生依据第三段推出一个结论。第三段的最后一句话告诉我们，虽然托运方可以向政府诉讼以获得费率补偿，但这个过程代价巨大、耗时太久，并且只适用于极端的情况，由此可以推断他们不大可能这样做。
[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.
[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.
[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.
[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.
54、The word “arbiters”(line 7 ，paragraph 4)most probably refers to those
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道词义题。本题考察考生利用上下文线索猜单词的能力，在本题中要使用的技巧是“利用重复猜测词义”。单词ARBITER所在的短语ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND WHO LOSES对应于上一句中的...IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING WHICH COMPANIES WILL FLOURISH AND WHICH WILL FALL，因此可以看出ARBITERS可解释为THOSE WHO DETERMINE，引申为JUDGES。但要注意不是［D］，因为［D］中多了蛇足THE PRICE，反而不是正确答案了。
[A] who work as coordinators.
[B] who function as judges.
[C] who supervise transactions.
[D] who determine the price.
55、According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道细节题，问铁路行业成本上升的主要原因是什么。这是最后一段的主要内容，第二、三、四句合起来的意思是：铁路工业尽管前途一片光明，但目前仍入不敷出，但仍然大量接待进行亏本兼并。所以应选择［A］。ACQUISITION原意指获得，也有兼并之意。
译文 解读 最近几年，铁路公司纷纷合并，形成超级集团，使得人们对垄断越来越关注。在不久前的1995年，四大铁路公司的运营量还只占全国铁路运营总量的70％以下。明年，在一系列的合并完成以后，这四大铁路公司将占主要铁路公司货运总量的90％以上。 这是一个新闻体篇。第一段指出铁路合并的现状和趋势。 支持新型超大铁路集团的人宣称，公司合并有利于大幅度地降低成本，也有利于改善协调服务。他们认为，垄断的威胁可以通过来自公路的激烈竞争而消减。但许多货运商则抱怨说，像煤炭、化肥和粮食这样的大宗货物通过公路来运输成本太高，而铁路公司会因此而主宰一切。 第二段先提出垄断支持一方的论点——可降低成本、提高服务、因公路运输的竞争避免垄断，然后以货运商观点加以驳斥。 铁路行业的大规模联合意味着多数货运商将由惟一的一家铁路公司提供服务。铁路公司向这些无奈的货运商索要的费用，通常比有竞争对手时高20％到30％。那些自觉被敲诈了的货运商有权向联邦政府的水陆交通理事会提出指控，要求降低率，但费用很高，也很耗时，只能在极端情况下使用。 第三段指出货运商虽可提出诉讼，但并不实用。 铁路公司则认为，对这些货运商在费用上区别对待是合理的，因为从长远来看这会降低大家的成本。他们认为，如果对所有的客户都收取一样的费用，那些可以转向公路或其他交通方式的货运商就会转向，迫使剩余的客户承担维持铁路经营的成本费用。许多经济学家都同意这种说法，但实际上这使得铁路公司可以去决定哪些公司兴旺，哪些公司失败。“我们真地希望要让铁路公司成为企业在市场中成败的仲裁者吗？”一位经常代理货运商的华盛顿律师马丁·贝克维奇提出了疑问。 第四段驳斥铁路方面的另一论点——对货运人不同对待符合所有人的利益，指出这将使铁路成为货运公司的主宰。 许多无奈的发货商还担心他们不久便会面临一轮费率上升。尽管铁路行业总的来说出现好的转机，但尚未赚到可以补偿其所投入的大笔资金的利润，投入是为了应付不断膨胀的运量。而且铁路公司仍在借贷数十亿的资金相互兼并，华尔街则推波助澜。今年，诺发南方公司和CSX投入了102亿美元兼并了康瑞公司。康瑞公司在1996年的运营收入只有4.27亿美元，不及上述交易额的一半。那么，这笔差额谁来支付？许多无奈的货运商担心，随着诺发南方和CSX对市场控制力加强，货运商得去承担这些差额。 第五段指出许多兼并是赔本的，这种亏损最终恐怕只会落在货运商的头上。作者似乎站在货运商方面。
[A] the continuing acquisition.
[B] the growing traffic.
[C] the cheering Wall Street.
[D] the shrinking market.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A （满分40分） Directions:
Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Passage 4
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great healthcare system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by thirdparty payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late——stage cancer care. Physicians——frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient——too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age——say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way” ,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet startup in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68yearold,I wish to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.
56.What is implied in the first sentence?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道推论题。理解这一题要求有三个要素：对全文主题的把握、对第一段主题的把握和对“OPTIONAL”的准确理解。全文的主题是要人们正确面对死亡，第一段的主题在它的最后一句话，再好的医疗系统也治不了死亡。而原话中的“OPTIONAL”更不可忽视，它其实指的是美国人对待死亡的态度——认为死亡是一种可选的事情。第一句话综合起来的意思是：英国人面对死亡时压力巨大，加拿大人认为死亡是不可避免的，而美国人认为死亡是一种可以自由选择的。由此可见，美国人对自己的医疗条件过于自信。接下来自然过渡到主题：再先进的医疗系统也不能治疗死亡。
[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
[C] Americans are overconfident of their medical technology.
[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
57、The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题涉及作者的细节写作意图。在第二段提到癌症时作者用的是这个句子：THE MOST OBVIOUS EXAMPLE IS LATE-STAGE CANCER。故此它例释的是它之前的一句，即：SHIELDED BY THIRD-PARTY PAYERS FROM THE COST OF OUR CARE, WE DEMAND EVERYTHING THAT CAN POSSIBLY BE DONE FOR US, EVEN IF ITS USELESS. 也就是说，由于我们自己不用付钱，我们要求为我们做一切可能的事情，哪怕是没有用。既然是没有用的也去做，不就是浪费吗？
[A] medical resources are often wasted.
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.
[C] some treatments are too aggressive.
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable.
58、The authors attitude toward Richard Lamms remark is one of
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道作者态度题。做本题要考虑两处。作者在第二段引用RICHARD LAMM的话时，是表现出一定的赞同的；但在下面一段开头，又说“I WOULD NOT GO THAT FAR”，表现出了一定的保留，故综合起来，应选择［B］“有保留的同意”。
[A] strong disapproval.
[B] reserved consent.
[C] slight contempt.
[D] enthusiastic support.
59、In contrast to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题。根据最后的两句话，日本和瑞典在医疗上花的钱较少，但比美国人活得更长、更健康，而美国在不治之症上花费太多，而在研究如何提高人民生活方面的治疗研究上却投入太少，很明显日本和瑞典在医疗上的投入比美国更为理智。
[A] more flexibly.
[B] more extravagantly.
[C] more cautiously.
[D] more reasonably.
60、The text intends to express the idea that
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道主旨题。主旨判断题。作者要人们正确面对死亡，而正确面对死亡的基础是正确看待它。作者在第二段开头指出：死亡是正常的，即使在理想的条件下，我们也注定要解体、要死亡。也就是说，死亡是一个事实，我们应当接受这个事实。
译文 解读 据说，在英国死是步步紧逼的，在加拿大是不可避免的，而在加利福尼却是可以选择的。这种说法并不奇怪，在过去的一百年中，美国人的寿命几乎增加了一倍。股骨出了毛病可以换掉；临床性情绪消沉可以加以；白内障只需30分钟的外科手术便可摘除。这种医学进步使老年人的生活质量得到了很大提高，这在50年前我进入医疗行业时是不可想象的。但是，再好的医护体系也不能治愈死亡——我们不敢面对现实威胁着我们的才智。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段指出尽管医学取得了巨大的进步，但死亡是不可避免的。 死亡是正常的。我们的基因决定了我们会解体、死亡，即使是在理想环境中。某种程度上我们都懂这个道理，但作为病人，我们却把死亡视为一个可以解决的问题。由于有第三方帮我们支付医疗的费用，我们便要求医生为我们做所能做的一切，尽管已豪无用处。最明显的例子便是晚期癌症的护理。由于无法治好这种疾病，又害怕病人失去希望，医生只得频繁地大胆用药，乃至超出科学的合理性。
1950年，美国花掉了127亿美元用于健康医疗，到2002年，费用将达到15,400亿美元。任何人都看得出这是难以为继的。然而，很少有人愿意去扭转这种趋势。有学者认为，资源有限的国家政府应停止为一定年龄之后的生命维持支付费用――比如83岁左右。据说前科罗拉多州州长李查德·拉盟曾说过，年老及病残者“有义务死亡并让出道来”以便年轻健康的人发挥他们的潜力。 第二、三段以晚期癌症为例，批评了人们在无药可救的疾病上的浪费。 我不会那么极端。精力充沛的人能干到60岁甚至更久已是常事，而且工作能力强得令人瞠目。78岁的索姆纳·莱德斯通曾戏称自己53岁。最高法院大法官桑德拉·戴·欧科纳已70多岁，前外科医生协会主任C·埃维瑞特·库布80多岁还主持了一个网站的起步工作。这些领导人便是活生生的证据，证明预防是可行的，而且我们能处理一些随年龄而来的健康问题。我今年才68岁，希望自己老了以后能像他们一样能干。 第四段指出对于正常的疾病人们还是要加以预防和应对的。 然而，社会在这个方面的花费是有限的。作为医生我知道，那些最昂贵、最神奇的治疗措施可能是无效和痛苦的。我也知道，在日本和瑞典，国家在医疗方面的花费比我们少得多，但他们的人民比我们更长寿、更健康。作为一个国家，我们在寻求不可以的治疗方面所投入的资金可以太多了，而在改善人们生活的普通医疗研究方面的投入则不足。 第五段呼吁向日本和瑞典学习，指出了美国的不足之处。
[A] medicine will further prolong peoples lives.
[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.
[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life.
[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care.
Section III Part B (每题2分，共10分) Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. “Anthropology”derives from the Greek words anthropos“human”and logos“the study of”. By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field——study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered firsthand, combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylors definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. (65)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
61、
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。
62、
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
63、
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
64、
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。”
65、
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
Section IV (共20分)Writing
66.Directions:
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning
2) point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
温室花朵经不起风雨
（本题分值：20分）
【正确答案】
略
