2013年国际货代人专业英语讲义(3)

来源:中大网校发布时间:2012-12-21

查看2013年国际货代人专业英语讲义汇总

  Unit 3 Incoterm 2000 国际贸易术语解释通则2000

  本节占历年试卷I考试分值为4-6分左右

  本节内容重点:

  1.熟悉掌握6个贸易术语- FOB, CFR, CIF,FCA, CPT, CIP

  课文内容

  一、国际贸易术语通则的产生

  英文原文:To provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 1936” in 1936.

  ( 核心句:to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules……)

  注释:a set of: 一组,一套 uniform: 一致的,统一的 interpretation : 解释,说明commonly: 一般的,通常的,普遍的( = generally, usually) trade terms: 贸易术语,贸易条款 (另外:比如 trade practices 贸易惯例 trade contract 贸易合同 等)ICC:全称:International Chamber of Commerce.国际商会。Incoterms: 全称:International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则be known as: 统称为……,以……着称

  中文意思:为了给对外贸易中普遍使用的贸易条款给予统一的解释,国际商会于 1936年发布了一套最初用于诠释这些贸易条款的国际规则,统称为“国际贸易术语解释通则1936”。

  英文原文:Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.

  注释:later : 稍候,随后 (另外latest: 最近的,最新的)amendment: 修改,修正(尤指对规则,法律,声明等条款的修正,修订,修改)addition: 增加物(在这里是指添加的条款和内容)in line with: 与……一致,与……相同 (相反的是:out of line with)current: 现今的,当代的,时下的international trade practices: 国际贸易惯例,国际贸易实践

  中文意思:以后又对此通则作了修改和补充,以便使这些规则适应当前国际贸易实践的发展。

  英文原文:The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms: EXW, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, FOB, FAS, FCA, DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP.

  注释:edition: ( 书籍,书刊等的)版本,版次。

  13个贸易术语:

  EXW: 工厂交货

  CFR:成本加运费

  CIF:成本,保险费加运费

  CPT:运费付至

  CIP:运费、保险费付至

  FOB:装运港船上交货

  FAS:装运港船边交货

  FCA:货交承运人

  DAF:边境交货

  DES:目的港船上交货

  DEQ:目的港码头交货

  DDU:未完税交货

  DDP:完税交货

  中文意思:通则最新的版本是“国际贸易术语解释通则2000”,它包含了13个不同的国际贸易术语:EXW, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, FOB, FAS, FCA, DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU 和DDP

  英文原文:Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations. They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.

  (第一句话,我们可以这么来理解) Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即贸易商必须承担(bear)各自相关的责任和义务。(They = 13 trade terms )

  注释:specify: 具体说明,详细说明,规定(名词:specification: 说明书)whether……or……: 是……还是…… be responsible for: 负责……,承担……责任necessity: 必须,需要(在这里是指“必须要做的事”)export license: 出口许可证inspection: 检验 (商品检验:commodity inspection)obligation: 职责,义务 point: 在这里是一个抽象的概念,指“在空间或者时间真实的或想象当中的某一点”例如:at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻,在此地) risk: 风险activity: 活动,行为(复数形式尤指“所作的事务,待做的工作”)

  conduct: 管理,经营,处理(=manage, control) purchase:购买( = buy) mutual: 相互的,彼此的 (have a mutual understanding: 对于……达到共识)therefore: 因此,为此

  中文意思:每一个术语都明确规定由谁来办理出口许可证、出口清关、商品检验及其他义务。同时,还明确了丢失及/或损坏的风险在哪一点由卖方转移到买方,以及哪方需承担的相应的费用。这样,卖方和买方如果采用2000年国际贸易术语解释通则中的一个术语做贸易的话,就会清楚双方各自的权利、需支付的费用以及各自的义务。

  英文原文:Here six major trade terms are discussed. The traditional three trade terms are FOB, CFR, and CIF, while FCA, CPT, and CIP are new terms developed on the basis of the traditional ones. They are suitable for any mode of transport.

  注释:discuss: 谈到,讨论 traditional: 传统的 on the basis of: 以…为基础

  中文意思:这里主要谈到6个贸易术语。其中三个传统的贸易术语:FOB, CFR和CIF,以及在这三个传统的贸易术语基础上发展起来的新的三个贸易术语FCA, CPT和CIP,新的三个贸易术语适合任何运输方式。

  应注意:传统的三个贸易术语FOB, CFR, CIF不适合多式联运,只合适于水上运输,而新的三个贸易术语FCA, CPT, CIP适合任何运输方式,包括多式联运。(考点)

  历年考题:

  1)Which of the following trade terms may be used for any mode of transport, including multimodal transport. (2004年单选题)

  A. FOB B. CIP C. CIF D. CFR

  答案:B

  分析:FOB, CIF 和 CFR 都不能适用于国际多式联运。

  二、六个主要的贸易术语(其中传统的贸易术语有三个:FOB,CFR,CIF;在传统基础上新发展的贸易术语有三个:FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考试重点)

  1、传统的三个贸易术语

  FOB – Free On Board (……named port of shipment) 船上交货(指定装运港)

  英文定义:“Free on Board”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named part of shipment. “船上交货”是指当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷,卖方即完成交货。

  注释:pass: 越过,通过; ship‘s rail: 船舷; named: 指定的

  这个术语应注意以下几点:

  1)The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即买方在货物越过船舷之后承担所有的费用,风险和损失。

  2)FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即FOB条款要求由卖方办理货物的出口清关手续。

  3) FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 即FOB条款只适用于海运或者是内河运输。

  注释:inland waterway transport: 内河运输

  历年考题:

  1)FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named port of discharge. ( 2004年判断题)

  答案:错

  分析:FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named part of shipment.  指当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷,卖方即完成交货。( 不是 port of discharge 卸货港)

  CFR - Cost and Freight (…… named port of destination) 成本加运费(指定目的港)

  英文定义:“Cost and Freight”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of shipment. “成本加运费”是指当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷,卖方即完成交货。

  这个术语应注意以下几点:

  1)The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即卖方必须支付货物运至目的港所需要的运费和费用。(与FOB的区别)

  2) But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交货后货物灭失或损坏的风险,以及由于各种事件造成的任何额外费用,即由卖方转移到买方。(风险的划分与FOB不一样的。是在目的港船舷。)

  注释:occur:(事件等)发生;events: 事件 transfer: 转移

  3) CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由卖方负责办理货物的出口清关手续。(同FOB)

  4) CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.即CFR只适用于海运和内陆水路运输(同FOB)

  历年考题:

  1)Under the CFR term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the

  A. port of destination B. port of discharge C. port of shipment D. port of delivery

  答案:A

  分析:port of destination 目的港; port of discharge 卸货港 port of shipment 装运港

  port of delivery 交货港 CFR 是指定目的港,所以选A

  CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (……named port of destination) 成本,保险费加运费(指定目的港)

  英文定义: “Cost, Insurance, and Freight”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of shipment. “成本,保险加运费”即当货物在装运港越过船舷之后,卖方即完成交货义务。

  这个术语应注意以下几点:

  1)The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即卖方必须支付货物运至目的港所需要的运费和费用。(同CFR)

  2)But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交货后货物灭失或损坏的风险,以及由于各种条件造成的任何额外费用,即由卖方转移到买方。(风险的划分与CFR 是一样的)

  3)However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer‘s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是,在CIF条件下,卖方还需要办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的海运保险。因此,由卖方签订保险合同并且支付保险费用(不同于FOB和CFR,)

  注释:procure: (尤指用心或者费力)获得,取得,在这里我们引申为“办理”; against: 反对,对于 carriage: 运费,运输(在这里指的是“运输”);consequently: 因此,所以; contract:在这里是动词的用法,意为:签约,订立合同(常与with 和for连用); insurance premium: 保险费

  4)CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由卖方负责办理货物的出口清关手续。(同FOB和CFR)

  2、新的三个贸易术语

  FCA-Free Carrier (……named place) 货交承运人(指定地点)

  英文定义:“Free Carrier”means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. “货交承运人”是指卖方只要将货物在指定的地点交给由买方指定的承运人,并办理了出口清关手续,即完成交货。

  注释:nominated: 指定的,指派的

  这一术语应注意以下几点:

  1)Seller should clear the goods for export.卖方负责办理出口清关手续。

  2)The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.交货地点的选择对于在该地点装货和卸货的义务会产生影响。

  - If delivery occurs at the seller‘s premises, the seller is responsible for loading.如卖方在其所在地交货,则由卖方负责装货。

  - If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.如卖方在任何其他地点交货,则卖方不负责卸货。

  注释:impact: 常与on联用,对……施加影响;premise: 生产场所,经营场址(在这里引申为“所在地”之意)

  3)FCA term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

  FCA术语可用于各种运输方式,包括多式联运。

  注释:irrespective: 常与of联用,意为:不论……的,任何的;multimodal transport:多式联(multi-前缀,常表示“多种的”的意思)

  4)If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.若买方指定承运人以外的人领取货物,则当卖方将货物交给此人时,即视为已履行交货义务,(风险转移给买方)

  注释:other than: 除了,不同于; be deemed to: 被视为; fulfill: 履行,完成

  CPT — Carriage Paid to (…… named place of destination) 运费付至(指定目的地)

  英文定义:“Carriage paid to…”means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. “运费付至”指卖方向其指定的承运人交货,但卖方还必须支付货物运至目的地的运费。

  注释:in addition: 另外

  这一贸易术语要注意以下几点:

  1)The buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. 买方承担交货后的一切风险和其他费用。

  2)CPT与CFR的区别

  CPT has much in common with the term CFR. The major difference is that CFR can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport, while CPT can be used for any mode of transport including multi-modal transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship‘s rail, the CPT term is preferred.

  CPT术语和CFR术语有很多相似之处。主要的区别在于CFR术语经用于海运和内陆和运输,而CPT术语可适用于任何运输方式,包括多式联运。如果双方不打算将货物越过船舷交货,应使用CPT术语。

  注释:in common with: 和……一样; major: 主要的;difference: 区别,不同之处; party: (条约,会议的) 参与者,常用复数形式与the联用,表示“(合约)双方”。Intend to: 打算做……;

  across: 穿过,越过= pass; prefer : 更喜欢……,更倾向于……(preferred: 首选的)

  CIP — Carriage and Insurance Paid to (…… named place of destination ) 运费加保险费付至(指定目的地)

  英文定义:“Carriage and Insurance Paid to…”means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. “运费加保险费付至”是指卖方向其指定的承运人交货,但卖方必须支付货物运至目的地的运费。

  这个术语应该注意以下几点:

  1)The buyer bears all risks and any additional costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.买方承担交货后的一切风险和费用。

  2)The seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer‘s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. 卖方必须办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的保险。因此由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。

  3)CIP may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multi-modal transport. CIP术语可用于各种运输方式,包括多式联运。

  历年考题

  1)Under the trade term CIP, the must contract for the cargo transportation insurance. (2004年单选题)

  A. buyer B. seller C. consignee D. carrier.

  答案:B

  分析:参考课文中CIP术语的具体描述

  注意:以上六个贸易术语中,C组贸易术语由卖方指定承运人,并与承运人签订合同;而F组贸易术语是由买方指定承运人。(考点)

  历年考题:

  1)According to INCOTERMS 2000, which group of the following trade terms mean that the seller must contract for the carriage of the goods to the named port ( or place ) of destination. (2005年单选题)

  A. FOB, CFR, CIF B. FCA, CFR, CIF C. FOB, FCA, CIP D. CFR, CIF, CIP

  答案:D

  分析:需要与承运人订立合同的(卖方指定承运人的)术语有:CFR, CIF, CIP, CPT; 买方指定承运人的术语有:FOB, FCA

  三、常用短语、名词

  13个贸易术语(略)

  Trade terms 贸易术语,贸易条款

  ICC ( International Chamber of Commerce) 国际商会

  Incoterms(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms)国际贸易术语解释通则

  International Trade practices 国际贸易实践,国际贸易惯例

  Inspection 检验

  Inland waterway transport 内河运输

  Multimodal transport 多式联运

  课后习题:

  一、单选题

  1.CPT stands for carriage paid to the

  A. named place B. named port C. named port of destination D. named place of destination.

  答案:D

  2. The major difference between CIF and CFR is that under CIF, the seller is required to cover the

  A. freight B. cost C. insurance D. voyage

  答案:C

  3. Under the FOB term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the

  A. port of shipment

  B. port of destination

  C. port of unloading

  D. port of delivery

  答案:A

  4. Which of the following trade terms can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport?

  A. FOB

  B. CPT

  C. CIP

  D. FCA

  答案:A

  5. Under CFR need contract for the carriage of the goods to the named port ( or place ) of destination.

  A. carrier

  B. insurer

  C. buyer

  D. seller

  答案:D

  二、多选题

  1. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms will have a mutual understanding of their

  A. obligations B. freight C. rights D. costs

  答案:ACD

  2. are the 3 traditional trade terms frequently used by traders in China ( )

  A. CFR B. CIF C. CPT D. FOB

  答案:ABD

  3. Under CIF, the seller should pay

  A. Freight

  B. Insurance

  C. Customs duty

  D. Cost

  答案:ABD

  4. Which of the following trade terms can be used for international multi-modal transport?

  A. FOB

  B. CIF

  C.CIP

  D.CPT

  答案 :CD

  5.Which of the following trade terms need the seller pay the freight?

  A. FOB

  B. CFR

  C. CIF

  D. CPT

  答案:BCD

  二、判断题

  1. Under CFR, the seller should pay the insurance of the goods ( )

  答案:错

  2. The major difference between CPT and CFR is: CPT can be used for any mode of transport and CFR only can be used for sea and inland waterway transport.

  答案:对

  3. If delivery occurs at a place outside the seller‘s premises, the seller is still responsible for unloading ( )

  答案:错

  4. Under CFR, when the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, the seller is considered to have fulfilled his duties. He has no obligation to procure insurance or to inform the buyer of taking measures to take delivery of the goods or insure the goods ( )

  答案:错

  5.Under the CIF term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of destination.

  答案:错

  三。 英汉互译

  1)国际贸易术语解释通则 2)成本加运费 3)船上交货 4)成本、保险费加运费 5)内河运输6)保险单 7)包装费用 8)风险转移9)船舷 10) 出口许可证

  答案: 1) Incoterms 2) Cost and Freight 3)Free on Board 4) Cost, Insurance, and Freight 5) inland waterway transport 6) insurance policy 7) packing costs 8) transfer of risks 9) ship‘s rail 10) export license

  1) Free Carrier 2) Carriage Paid to 3) Carriage and Insurance Paid to 4) clear the goods for export 5) insurance premium 6) sea transport 7) named port of shipment 8) exchange control 9) seller‘s premise 10) ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)

  答案:1)货交承运人 2)运费付至 3)运费、保险费付至 4)办理货物出口清关手续 5)保险费 6)海运 7)指定装运港 8)外汇管制 9)卖方所在地 10)国际商会

纠错

育路版权与免责声明

① 凡本网注明稿件来源为"原创"的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件,版权均属本网所有。任何媒体、网站或个人转载、链接转贴或以其他方式复制发表时必须注明"稿件来源:育路网",违者本网将依法追究责任;

② 本网部分稿件来源于网络,任何单位或个人认为育路网发布的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其合法权益,应该及时向育路网书面反馈,并提供身份证明、权属证明及详细侵权情况证明,育路网在收到上述法律文件后,将会尽快移除被控侵权内容。