2013年国际货代人专业英语讲义(1)

来源:中大网校发布时间:2012-12-21

查看2013年国际货代人专业英语讲义汇总

  Unit 1 International Trade 国际贸易(2)

  三、国际贸易的风险

  国际贸易主要包括了两个方面的风险:经济风险和政治风险。

  1、经济风险

  英文原文:Economic risks include the risk of insolvency of the buyer; the risk of the failure of the buyer to pay the amount due within six months after the due date; the risk of non-acceptance; the risk of exchange rate, and so on.

  注释:include: 包括,包含 insolvency: 无力偿还,破产 failure: 失败,无支付能力 amount: 金额,款额 due: 到期的,应付的 non-acceptance: 不接受, 不兑现, 拒绝承兑 exchange rate: 外汇汇率,外汇汇价

  中文意思:经济风险包括:买方破产;买方到期日后六个月内不支付应付款额;拒绝承兑;外汇风险等。

  2、政治风险

  英文原文:Political risks include the risk of cancellation or non-renewal of export or import licenses; war risks; risk of expropriation or confiscation of the importer‘s company; risk of the imposition of an import ban after the shipment of the goods; transfer risk — imposition of exchange controls by the importer’s country or foreign currency shortages; and influence of political parties on an importer‘s company.

  注释:cancellation: 注销,作废,取消 non-renewal :不更换license: 许可(证),执照 expropriation: 征用, 收用, 征收 confiscation: 没收, 充公, 征用 importer: 进口商,输入者 imposition: 强迫接受,征税,负担 import ban: 进口禁令(ban: 禁令)shipment: 装船,装运 transfer risk: 转让风险(transfer: 交付,转让(财产等))exchange controls: 外汇管制 foreign currency :外币 shortage: 缺乏,不足influence: 影响力, 权力, 势力 political parties: 政党

  中文意思:政治风险主要包括:取消或不更换出口或进口许可证;战争风险;进口商公司被征用或者充公;货物装船后强制实施进口禁令;转让风险——进口商所在国家采取的强制性的外汇管制或者外币紧缺;以及该国政党对进口商公司的影响。

  四、世贸组织

  1、世贸组织的简单介绍

  英文原文:The World Trade Organization is best described as an umbrella organization under which the agreements that came out of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations are gathered.

  注释:World Trade Organization (WTO): 世界贸易组织 be described as: 被描述为(describe: 描述,形容)umbrella organization: 联盟组织,各种团体联合在一起的组织(umbrella: 通常为名词,雨伞;在这里作为形容词理解“包罗万象的”;organization: 组织,机构)agreement: 契约, 协议, 协定 came out of (come out of): 由…产生,从…出来 Uruguay Round:乌拉圭回合 multilateral trade negotiations: 多边贸易谈判(multilateral: 多边的,多国的;negotiation: 谈判,磋商)gather: 聚集,集合,收集

  中文意思:准确地说世界贸易组织是一个联盟性的组织,联盟内的各项协定都是经乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判共同达成。

  英文原文:Additionally, the WTO is to cooperate with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in order to achieve coherence in global economic policy making.(附属功能)

  注释:additionally: 此外 cooperate with: 与…合作 the International Monetary Fund: 国际货币基金组织 the World Bank: 世界银行 in order to: (表目的)为了… achieve coherence: 达成一致(achieve: 完成,达到;coherence: 一致,一致性)global: 全球的,世界的 policy: 方针,政策

  中文意思:此外,世贸组织与国际货币基金组织及世界银行合作,致力于实现全球经济政策制定的统一。(附属功能)

  2、世界贸易组织的基本功能(4个方面)

  1)to implement, administer, and carry out the WTO Agreement and its annexes;

  执行,管理和实施世贸组织协定及其附件。

  (注释:implement: 实现,执行 administer: 管理,实施 carry out: 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 落实 annex: 附件)

  2)to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations;

  充当现行多边贸易谈判的论坛

  (注释:act as: 充当,担当 forum: 论坛,讨论会 ongoing: 进行的,前进的)

  3)to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes;

  作为解决争端的法庭

  (注释:tribunal: 法庭, 法官席, 裁决 resolve dispute: 解决争端 (resolve: 解决,消除;dispute: 争端,争议,纠纷)

  4)to review the trade policies and practices of member states.

  评审各成员国的贸易政策和行为

  (注释:review: 审查, 评审, 再检查 practice: 行为 member states: 成员国)

  五、国际贸易壁垒

  1、贸易壁垒的一般定义

  英文原文:A trade barrier is a general term that describes any government policy or regulation that restricts international trade.

  注释:trade barrier: 贸易壁垒 general term: 总称,总括 regulation: 规则,规章,条例 restrict: 限制; 约束; 制[禁]止

  中文意思:贸易壁垒是指各国政府用于限制国际贸易的政策或条例的总称。

  2、各种贸易壁垒措施

  1)import duties: 进口税(注释:duty: 关税)

  2)import or export licenses: 进出口许可证

  3)import quotas: 进口配额 (注释:quota: 配额)

  4)tariffs: 关税

  5)subsidies: 补贴

  6)non-tariff barriers: 非关税壁垒

  3、贸易壁垒实施的原理

  英文原文:Most trade barriers work on the same principle: the imposition of some sort of cost to trade that raises the price of trade products. If two or more nations repeatedly use trade barriers against each other, then a trade war results.

  注释:principle:原则,原理 repeatedly: 再三地,重复地 result: 产生, 结果, 致使

  中文意思:大多数贸易壁垒实施的原理是一样的:强制性地增加某些贸易的成本,将会使得贸易产品的价格上升。如果两个或多个国家之间相互反复的使用贸易壁垒,那么将会导致贸易战争。

  六、国际贸易业务操作的基本步骤

  英文原文:Any international transaction should start with market research. An importer/exporter must acquire good knowledge of the foreign market to which his products are to be sold so that he can trade with the customers successfully.

  注释:transaction: 交易,经济业务 start with: 以…开始 market research: 市场调研 acquire good knowledge of…: 熟悉…(的知识) (acquire: 获得,得到)foreign: 国外的,对外的 successfully: 成功地

  中文意思:任何一笔国际交易最初都要进行市场调研。进口商/出口商必须熟悉其产品销往的国外市场,这样才能够成功地与客户进行交易。

  1、国际贸易的具体步骤:

  1)Seeking customers 寻找客户 (注释:seek: 寻找,寻求)

  2)Contact each other by sending inquiries 联系查询(注释contact: 接触,联系;inquiry: 询问,询盘)

  3)Status inquiry 情况查询 (注释:Status: 情形,状态)

  4)Quotations or offers; acceptance or non-acceptance 报价或发盘;接受或不接受报价或发盘(注释:quotation: 报价 offer: 发盘 acceptance: 接受)

  5)Order; contract 发送订单;签订合同 (注释:order: 订单;contract: 合同)

  6)Obtaining import/export license; opening L/C / receiving L/C, if any 获得进口/出口许可证;开立信用证/接收信用证 (注释:obtain: 获得,取得 L/C:信用证)

  7)Preparation of goods by the seller 卖方备货 (注释:preparation: 准备,预备)

  8)Inspection or survey of goods 检查或检验货物(注释:inspection: 检查,检验;survey: 调查,测量)

  9)Reserving shipping space either by the seller or buyer, depending on the trade terms. 依据贸易条款,由卖方或买方订舱。(注释:reserve shipping space: 订舱(位);trade terms: 贸易条款)

  10)Effecting insurance 办理保险 (注释:effect: 作用,效果,在此为“办理”之意;insurance: 保险)

  11)Customs clearance and loading 报关装货(注释:customs clearance: 报关,清关;loading: 装货)

  12)Shipping advice 装船(发货)通知

  13)Negotiation of export documents under L/C by the beneficiary 通过受益人议付信用证项下的出口单证。(注释:documents: 单据,单证;beneficiary: 受益人)

  14)Redemption of documents under L/C 赎回信用证项下单证(赎单)(注释:redemption: 赎回,偿还,履行)

  15)Customs clearance for import 进口报关

  16)Delivery of goods 交货 (注释:delivery: 交付,交递)

  17)Lodging and Settling claims (if any) 提出索赔/理赔 (注释:lodge: 提出 settle: 支付, 安排, 解决 claim: 要求,主张,索赔,索取)

  七、常用短语、名词

  International trade: 国际贸易

  GDP (gross domestic product) 国民生产总值,国内生产总值

  Industrialization 工业化

  Globalization 全球化

  Multinational corporation: 跨国公司

  Factors of production 生产要素

  Labor-intensive goods 劳动密集型产品

  International finance 国际金融

  Exchange rate: 外汇汇率

  Transfer risk: 转让风险

  Exchange controls: 外汇管制

  WTO (world trade organization): 世界贸易组织

  Uruguay Round: 乌拉圭回合

  Multilateral trade: 多边贸易

  The International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织

  The World Bank 世界银行

  Outsourcing 外包

  Trade barrier 贸易壁垒

  Import duties: 进口税

  Import/export license:进口/出口许可证

  Import quota: 进口配额

  Tariff: 关税

  Non-tariff barrier: 非关税壁垒

  Market research 市场调研

  Offer: 发盘

  Shipping space: 舱位

  Customs clearance: 报关,清关

  Loading: 装货

  Shipping advice: 装运通知

  Redemption of documents: 赎单

  Delivery of goods 交货

  课后练习

  一、选择题

  1、 International trade is mainly the exchange of ( )

  A. labor

  B. capital

  C. goods

  D. service

  答案:BCD

  2、International trade is mostly restricted to trade in ( )

  A. goods

  B. labor

  C. service

  D. capital

  答案:AC

  3、The differences between international trade and domestic trade mainly are: ( )

  A. capital

  B. cost

  C. service

  D. factors of production

  答案:BD

  4、Which of the following risks are the political risks of international trade? ( )

  A. non-acceptance

  B. cancellation of import licenses

  C. transfer risk

  D. exchange rate

  答案:BC

  5、The basic functions of WTO are: ( )

  A. implement, administer and carry out the WTO Agreement and its annexes

  B. act as forum for multilateral trade negotiations

  C. serves as tribunal for resolving disputes

  D. review the trade policies and practices of member states

  答案:ABCD

  6、The general forms of trade barriers have: ( )

  A. import quotas

  B. import duties

  C. subsidies

  D. export licenses

  答案:ABCD

  二、判断题

  1、International trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. ( )

  答案:正确

  2、International trade is restricted to exchange of goods and services. ( )

  答案:错

  3、Under the L/C operation the seller need to open the L/C with its bank. ( )

  答案:错

  4、Any international transaction should start with seeking customers. ( )

  答案:错

  5、Generally a country can import goods that make intensive use of the factor of production instead of importing the factor of production.

  答案: 正确

  三、英汉互译

  1、1) International Trade 2) outsourcing 3) domestic trade 4) multilateral trade 5) Uruguay Round

  答案:1)国际贸易 2)外包 3)国内贸易 4)多边贸易 5)乌拉圭回合

  2、1)国内生产总值 2)生产要素 3)贸易壁垒 4)国际货币基金组织 5)发盘

  答案:1) Gross domestic product 2) factors of production 3) trade barrier 4) the International Monetary Fund 5) offer

  四、请用英文简述国际贸易的基本步骤

  答案:参考教材第3页

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