<专业英语>:预习辅导之海运运费(3)

来源:货运代理考试网发布时间:2011-09-27

  三、决定运费的因素

   英文原文:When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”。

  注释:determine: 决定,确定,测定 consider: 考虑,照顾 stowage factor: 积载因数(stowage: 装载,装载量 factor: 因素,要素,因数) distance: 距离,在这里引申为“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 运输量,交通量 bear: 负担,承受

  中文意思:在确定运费率时,承运人还将考虑积载因数,航程以及一个很古老的原则,即“运输所能承受”的原则。

  英文原文:In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.

  注释:in fact: 实际上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地,非常 rated: 定价的,额定的 subsidize: 补偿,资助

  中文意思:实际上,“运输所能承受”原则是指高费率的商品可以补偿较低费率的商品。

  英文原文:This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual unit costs.

  注释:commonly: 普通地,一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在过去 cost of service: 服务成本

  computation: 计算,估计 unit: 个体,(计量)单位:

  中文意思:“运输所能承受”原则在过去比“服务成本”原则更为普遍的采用,这是由于实际单位成本计算时所涉及到的问题。

  英文原文:However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.

  注释:however: 可是,无论如何,仍然 containerization: 货柜运输,货柜装货 standardized: 标准的,定型的 calculation: 计算,考虑 per unit: 每个单位 heterogeneous: 不同种类的 break bulk cargo:件杂货

  中文意思:但是,计算货柜运输的标准货物单位的集装箱化使得计算此种单位货物服务成本比不同种类的件杂货的服务成本容易得多。

  英文原文:The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.

  注释:therefore: 因此,所以 increasingly: 日益,愈加 nowadays: 现今,现在 particularly: 独特地,显著地 with a view to: 着眼于,以…为目的,考虑到 fighting: 挑战性的,适于战斗的 competition: 竞争

  中文意思:特此考虑到竞争因素,如今承运人日益采用“服务成本”原则。

  历年考题:

  When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( ) principle nowadays.

  A. open market rate

  B. surcharges

  C. service cost

  D. stowage factor

  答案:C

  分析:决定运价水平高低取决于许多因素,最初的“运输所能承受”原则,现在逐渐被考虑服务成本原则所替代。

  英文原文:The open market rates are also taken into account. When commodities move in large quantities and are susceptible to charter competition, the rates may be left “open” so that a liner has the option of charging whatever is considered appropriate in the competitive situation.

  注释:open market rate: 公开市场费率 take into account: 重视,考虑 susceptible:易受影响的 so that : 所以option: 选择权 charge: 收费,要价 appropriate: 适当的 competitive: 竞争的

  中文意思:公开市场费率同样受到关注。当货物运输的数量大且易受到租船业务竞争的影响时,为了适合竞争环境,因此费率可能会公开,所以班轮运输在运费价格方面有了可供选择的权利。

  英文原文:The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as currency adjustment factor (CAF), the bunker adjustment factor (BAF) and port congestion surcharges.

  注释:be subject to: 受…影响的 surcharge: 附加费用 adjustment factor: 调整因素 levy: 征收 from time to time: 有时 in order to: 为了 enable: 使能够 shipping line: 航运公司 variation: 变化,变更 input: 投入 currency adjustment factor: 货币贬值调整因素,货币贬值附加费 bunker adjustment factor: 燃油价格调整因素,燃油附加费 port congestion surcharge: 港口拥挤附加费(congestion: 拥塞)

  课文意思:班轮费率也受附加费和其他调节因素的影响而变化,这些费用可能会被不时征收以使航运公司应付投入中的价格变化,比如货币贬值的影响,燃油价格变化的调整因素和港口拥挤附加费。

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