职称英语考试历年常见考点详细解析：第四章(3)

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第三节 熟悉题型

　　职称考试中的阅读理解部分题型相对稳定，只要熟悉它们的出题方法与做法，并进行有针对性的训练，就能大幅度提高成绩。常见的题型主要有：

　　一、主旨题

　　这类问题主要测试考生把握主题与中心思想的能力。主要形式有：

　　1. The main idea of this passage is ­________.

　　2. The passage mainly discusses ________.

　　3. What is the passage primarily concerned about?

　　4. What is the main topic of this passage?

　　除了上述直接形式外，还有隐蔽型主旨题：

　　Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader?

　　标题是主旨题的变体。主要形式有：

　　1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　2. The best title for this passage might be ________.

　　作者的态度、写作目的与主题和中心思想关系密切，可以看做主旨题的延伸。主要形式有：

　　问写作目的：

　　1. The author writes this passage mainly to ________.

　　2. The author's purpose in writing this passage is ________.

　　问态度：

　　1. The author's attitude towards ... is ________.

　　2. The tone of this passage can be described as ________.

　　此外，对于文章内容、风格与读者对象的评判也可归入此类题型。如：

　　1. The passage appears to be (is most likely) a part of ________.

　　2. Where would this passage most probably be found?

　　二、细节题

　　这类问题测试考生把握文章细节的能力，主要与文中的考点相联系，如：最高级、惟一性、其他对比、数字年代、原因等。主要形式有：

　　(-)是非题(三正一误或三误一正)

　　1. Which of the following is TRUE?

　　2. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

　　3. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in Paragraph ×?

　　(二)例证题

　　The author gives an example in Paragraph × mainly to show that ________.

　　(三)其他具体题，如问原因的

　　1) Which of the following may lead to (cause) ________.

　　2) The main reason for ... is ________.

　　三、词义题

　　这类问题主要测试考生使用词语搭配和根据上下文判断词义的能力。主要形式有：

　　1. The word "..." in Line (Paragraph) × most probably means ________.

　　2. In Paragraph × , the word "..." refers to (stands for) ________.

　　3. The word "..." in Paragraph × can be best replaced by ________.

　　指代题["It" ("They") in Line × most probably refers to ________.] 和句子意思题 (Which of the following statements is closest is meaning to the sentence "..." in Paragraph ×?) 也可以归入此类。

　　四、推理题

　　这类问题主要测试考生能否在理解字面意义的基础上，根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推理，进而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

　　主要形式有：

　　1. It is implied in the passage that ________.

　　2. The passage implies (suggests) that ________.

　　3. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　4. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

　　5. From the passage we can infer (draw the conclusion) that ________.

97 The National Park Service

　　1.题目：Why are America's national parks like old friends?

　　答案：A)Because they are always out there.

　　2.题目：Which of the following statements is true about uniformed rangers?

　　答案：D)They protect the National Park System.

　　3.题目：The National Park Service does all of the following EXCEPT

　　答案：B)molding the Nation.

　　4.题目：What is this passage about?

　　答案：B)It is about the National Park Service.

　　5.题目：What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss?

　　答案：C)The work that has been done by the partners.

　　速记口诀：

　　国家公园的服务机构

　　1.总在那儿像朋友 ____________________

　　2.身穿制服来保护 ____________________

　　3.缔造国家没提到 ____________________

　　4.文章主旨是标题 ____________________

　　5.合作伙伴来做事 ____________________ [综合类C]

98 Dancing in the streets

　　1.题目：According to the passage, during the Carnival people in Rio did all of the following EXCEPT

　　答案：C) taking a good rest in bed.

　　2.题目：How long does the carnival last

　　答案：B) A whole week.

　　3.题目：The word centerpiece in the 4th paragraph means

　　答案：A) the most important part.

　　4.题目：According to the passage, Bob Nadkami is

　　答案：C) a British man who has come to live in Brazil.

　　5.题目：Which of the following statements is incorrect

　　答案：B) Carnivals were originally a tradition of the Brazilians.

　　速记口诀：

　　在街上跳舞

　　1.狂欢人们没休好 ____________________

　　2.狂欢持续一整周 ____________________

　　3.四段单词最重要 ____________________

　　4.英国鲍勃来巴西 ____________________

　　5.狂欢不由巴西起 ____________________ [综合类C]

99 Inspecting a Used Car

　　1.题目：According to the passage, in buying a second-hand vehicle it is most important to know

　　答案：C) whether it has been in a collision.

　　2.题目： All of the following are mentioned as tricks which dishonest second-hand car dealers may play upon their customers EXCEPT

　　答案：A) To re-paint the car.

　　3.题目："An independent technician" in the first sentence of the second paragraph means

　　答案：D) a technician who runs his own inspection service.

　　4.题目：According to Bleakley, before buying a used car all the inspection work can

　　答案：D) be done by a qualified mechanic together with the buyer.

　　5.题目：According to the passage, from which of the following can the buyer obtain reliable information of the previous owner

　　答案：D) The Used Vehicle Information Package.

　　速记口诀：

　　检查二手车

　　1.二手被撞最重要 ____________________

　　2.重漆汽车要排除 ____________________

　　3.技工自行视察服 ____________________

　　4.合格械工伴买者 ____________________

　　5.汽信包装最可靠 ____________________ [综合类C ]

100 Mother Knows Best?

　　1.题目：Which of the following does the first paragraph imply

　　答案：B) In more and more families the wife is earning more than the husband.

　　2.题目：The authur decided to stay at home to look after their son eight years ago because

　　答案：B) it was easier for his wife to find a job.

　　3.题目：Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a thing that a good parent should do with his or her child

　　答案：B) Taking him to school.

　　4.题目：Women generally are better than men at taking care of children because

　　答案：C) they spend more time with them.

　　5.题目：Which of the following is the conclusion the author draws at the end of the article.

　　答案：C) Anyone can take good care of children as far as he has the experience.

　　速记口诀：

　　母亲知道的更多吗?

　　1.妻子赚钱胜丈夫 ____________________

　　2.妻子工作易寻找 ____________________

　　3.带去学校末提及 ____________________

　　4.更多时间伴孩子 ____________________

　　5.经验教育好孩子 ____________________

101 Feast on Turkey and

Good Wishes at Thanksgiving

　　1.题目：On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as

　　答案：A) ghosts.

　　2.题目：When are Turkey and pumpkin pie eaten

　　答案：C) On Thanksgiving.

　　3.题目：Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for

　　答案：B) providing them with comfortable and happy lives.

　　4.题目：Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because

　　答案：A) they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food.

　　5.题目：The first pilgrims settled in the United States in

　　答案：A) 1621.

　　速记口诀：

　　火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

　　1.万圣扮鬼怪 ____________________

　　2.土鸡南瓜感恩吃 ____________________

　　3.感激舒适好生活 ____________________

　　4.待在家中好吃多 ____________________

　　5.朝圣1621到美国 ____________________ [综合类C]

102 Storms Sink Ships

　　1.题目：How many people have been found dead in the two ferry disasters

　　答案：A) Over 130.

　　2.题目：The two ferry disasters occurred

　　答案：C) at night.

　　3.题目：How many passengers was MV Mitali designed to carry

　　答案：D) 300.

　　4.题目：Officials attribute boating accidents to

　　答案：D) the lack of safety measures.

　　5.题目：Which of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters

　　答案：C) The exact number of deaths could be easily determined.

　　速记口诀：

　　暴风雨沉船

　　1.两次灾难死130 ____________________

　　2.灾难发生在深夜 ____________________

　　3.三百乘客被运载 ____________________

　　4.安全措施太缺乏 ____________________

　　5.易算死伤不真实 ____________________