2010年《货代英语》辅导:海运运费(3)
来源:发布时间:2010-11-02
三、决定运费的因素 (考试重点)
英文原文:When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”.
注释:determine: 决定,确定,测定 consider: 考虑,照顾 stowage factor: 积载因数(stowage: 装载,装载量 factor: 因素,要素,因数) distance: 距离,在这里引申为“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 运输量,交通量 bear: 负担,承受
中文意思:在确定运费率时,承运人还将考虑积载因数,航程以及一个很古老的原则,即“运输所能承受”的原则。
英文原文:In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.
注释:in fact: 实际上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地,非常 rated: 定价的,额定的 subsidize: 补偿,资助
中文意思:实际上,“运输所能承受”原则是指高费率的商品可以补偿较低费率的商品。
英文原文:This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual unit costs.
注释:commonly: 普通地,一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在过去 cost of service: 服务成本
computation: 计算,估计 unit: 个体,(计量)单位:
中文意思:“运输所能承受”原则在过去比“服务成本”原则更为普遍的采用,这是由于实际单位成本计算时所涉及到的问题。
英文原文:However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.
注释:however: 可是,无论如何,仍然 containerization: 货柜运输,货柜装货 standardized: 标准的,定型的 calculation: 计算,考虑 per unit: 每个单位 heterogeneous: 不同种类的 break bulk cargo:件杂货
中文意思:但是,计算货柜运输的标准货物单位的集装箱化使得计算此种单位货物服务成本比不同种类的件杂货的服务成本容易得多。
英文原文:The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.
注释:therefore: 因此,所以 increasingly: 日益,愈加 nowadays: 现今,现在 particularly: 独特地,显著地 with a view to: 着眼于,以…为目的,考虑到 fighting: 挑战性的,适于战斗的 competition: 竞争
中文意思:特此考虑到竞争因素,如今承运人日益采用“服务成本”原则。
历年考题:
When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( ) principle nowadays.
A. open market rate
B. surcharges
C. service cost
D. stowage factor
答案:C
分析:决定运价水平高低取决于许多因素,最初的“运输所能承受”原则,现在逐渐被考虑服务成本原则所替代。