|
C calendar★ 构词cal计算+end 结束+ar 名词后缀→计算时间结束的凭据→日历 n.1.日历 2.日程表 3.历法 真题连线2001英译汉 Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 皮尔逊汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到的数百项重大突破和发现发生的最晚日期。 campaign★ 构词camp田野+aign名词后缀→营地→战役 n.1.series of military operations with a particular aim 战役 2.series of planned activities with a particular aim 运动 链接 campaign v.参加或领导一战役或运动 真题连线2007 Text 3 For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savingaccount model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.在去年的大多数时间里，布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模式——要求退休人员将其大多数或所有保障报酬用来交换依靠投资回报所得的报酬。 candidate★ 构词candid白，发光+ate→穿着白袍的人→候选人 n.1.a person who seeks or is nominated for an office, prize, or honor.候选人 2.one that seems likely to gain a certain position有希望的人选 真题连线2005 Text 1 Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de waal’s study. 这些特性使它们成为布罗斯南博士和迪·瓦尔博士理想的研究对象。 capital★ 构词capit头+al形容词后缀→头的→首要的→首都 n.1.首都;首府; 2.资本; 3. first and foremost; principal第一位的和首要的 链接capitalismn.资本主义 习惯用语make capital out of从中取利; 利用… speak in capitals强调 真题连线2003 Text 3 The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. 从整体来说，虽然铁路行业有耀眼的资产，但它的收入仍然不足以支付为满足不断增长的运输需要而进行的固定资产投资。 captive★ 构词capt抓+ive名词后缀或形容词后缀→俘虏 n.1.a prisoner of war俘虏 2.one held in the grip of a strong emotion or passion.着迷的人 a.1.kept under restraint or control; confined受控制的;被监禁的 2.enraptured, as by beauty; captivated被迷住的 习惯用语take captive活捉, 俘虏;hold captive活捉, 俘虏 lead captive活捉, 俘虏 真题连线2003 Text 3 Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. 通常，铁路公司对这些“被控”客户的收费要比有另一铁路公司竞争业务时多20%～30%。 capture★ 构词capt拿，抓，握住+ure→抓住毛病→挑剔的 vt.1.to gain possession or control of 赢得;夺取 2.to attract and hold引起(注意)并吸引住 真题连线1998 Passage 1 Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. 在重大技术所创造的东西中很少能像大型水坝这样让人痴迷的。 casualty★ 构词cas落下，降临+ual形容词后缀+ty名词后缀→突然落下的事→事故 n.1.person who is killed or injured in war伤亡者 2.thing that is lost, damaged or destroyed in an accident 事故 真题连线2000 Passage 1 For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. 人们曾一度感觉下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的似乎该轮到美国的半导体制造业了，而在新计算机时代有着核心作用的半导体正是美国人发明的。 centralization▲ 构词central中心的+ization…化或发展过程(表名词)→集中化 真题连线2000 Passage 4 With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. 随着经济的发展，居住集中化也跟着来了，在日本1亿1900万人当中，足有76%住在城市，在那里社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，而取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。 certificate★ 构词certify搞清，区别+icate名词或动词后缀→证明的东西 n.1.证(明)书 2.执照 3.凭证 vt.to furnish with, testify to, or authorize by a certificate用证明书证明 真题连线2007 Text 1 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. 如果你打算检查2006年世界杯锦标赛上所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你最可能发现一种引人注意的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。 charitable★ 构词charity可爱的+able能…的→慈善的 a.1.generous in giving money or other help to the needy.施舍慷慨的，慈善的 2.mild or tolerant in judging others; lenient.宽容的，仁爱的 链接charity n.施舍物，救济金; 慈善、博爱 真题连线1997 Passage 2 It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. 对旅行者来说，这不是一个选择的问题;而对当地居民来说，这也并非是行善的一时冲动。 charter★ 构词chart纸片+er名词后缀→纸上的东西→契约等 n.1.营业执照; 2.特许状 真题连线1996 Passage 2 The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organisation as it is, or to make changes. 这样做的原因是BBC所持的皇家特许证于1996年到期，政府必须决定让公司维持原状还是进行变革。 circuit★ 构词circu圆，环+it走→环行 n.1.line, route or journey round a place 周线; 圈 2.an electric current flows 电路 真题连线2002 Text 2 Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. 虽然一开始在20世纪60年代和70年代有过一段乐观的时期——那时候仿佛晶体管电路和微处理器的发展将使他们在2010年能够模仿人类大脑的活动——但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。 cite★ v.1.quote 引用; 引述 2.refer to 引证 链接citationn.1.引用; 引述; 引证 2.表扬, 表彰, 嘉奖; 嘉奖令 真题连线1997 Passage 4 Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. 莱文宣称“音乐不是社会问题的病因”，他甚至还以自己的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，用说唱乐的形式与学生进行交流。 citizenry▲ 构词citizen公民+ry表示集合名词→公民 n.公民或市民(集合称) 真题连线2003 Text 2 If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 如果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。 civil★ 构词civ公民+il 形容词后缀→市民的 a.1.公民的,市民的 2. 民间的;民用的 3.有礼貌的 链接civiliann.平民a.平民的;民用的 习惯用语be civil to 对…有礼貌 say sth. civil说奉承&恭维话 真题连线2004 Text 4 Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.” 作家厄尔·绍利斯说，沿着这条路线发展下去，“我们将变为二流国家。我们的社会将不再那么文明。” clarity★ 构词clar清楚，明白+ity名词后缀→清楚 n.clearness of appearance清澈，明净 真题连线1996 Passage 5 Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. 金切尔是位哲学家，这也许能部分说明他的立论为何明确而有说服力。 coincidence★ 构词co共同+in内+cid落下，降临+ence名词后缀→巧合 n.1.the state or fact of occupying the same relative position or area in space.占同一位置 2.a sequence of events that although accidental seems to have been planned or arranged.巧合，凑巧 真题连线2004 Text 2 Can this merely be coincidence? one theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. 这仅仅是巧合吗?按字母表顺序排名靠后的人在享受闲暇时光时凭空想出一种理论，认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。 cognitive★ 构词cogn知道+itive 形容词后缀→认识的 a.of, characterized by, involving, or relating to cognition认知的，认识能力的 真题连线2007 Text 1 Good memory results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. 好的记忆力源于本能练习而不是认知练习。 collaborate★ 构词col共同+labor劳动+ate→共同劳动→合作 vi.1.to work together协作，合作 2.to cooperate with an enemy occupation force in ones country 勾结 真题连线2007 Part B Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating.定期与孩子一起回顾正在他们身上表现出来的能力和缺点，然后共同努力克服诸如难以与人交流或协作的缺憾。 colleague▲ 构词col 共同(通常放在同辅音词根前)+league捆绑→捆绑在一起的人→同事 n.person with whom one works 同事; 同僚 真题连线1995 Passage 3 Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. 许多请教家人、朋友或同事便能解决的生活问题，现在却超出了大家庭的能力范围。 ★collect 构词col一起+lect→收到一起 v.收集,搜集;领取,接走;收(税等);聚集,堆积 a. 对方付费(的) 真题连线2009 Text 2 Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. 许多公司的基因数据库里的数据并非系统地采集而得，而是从不同研究项目中胡乱收集过来的信息。 collection★ 构词col一起+lect选择，收集→收到一起 n.1.the act or process of collecting收集 2.收集物 习惯用语make a collection for为… 募捐; take up a collection for为… 募捐 真题连线2008 Text 2 This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through sitelicensing agreements. 首先是所谓的大生意，学术杂志订户依照网站许可协议为即将出版的文章支付费用。 combat★ 构词com共同+bal打，击→共同→共同打→战斗 v.&n.to oppose in battle; fight against; of or relating to combat 战斗,搏斗,格斗 真题连线2008 Text 1 Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. 男人走上战场，承受着战斗的压力。男性承受更多随机的身体上的暴力行为。 combine★ 构词com 共同+bin两;二→合二为一 v.to bring into a state of unity; to possess or exhibit in combination 联合;结合;化合 n.集团;联合企业 链接combination n.结合，联合;化合;团体;组合数码 习惯用语be combined in化合成; be combined with与…结合 真题连线2003 Text 3 In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. 近年来，铁路公司相互联合，组成了超大型集团，引起人们对垄断行为的极大关注。 comedy★ 构词com宴会+edy表名词→像宴会一样热闹→喜剧 n.1.light or amusing play or film 喜剧， 喜剧片 2.amusing aspect of sth; humour 某事物的有趣方面; 幽默 链接comic a.喜剧的，滑稽的n.连环漫画杂志;喜剧演员 真题连线1996 Passage 2 They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films for an annual licence fee of ￡83 per household. 每户每年交83英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。 command★ 构词com一起+mand命令→命令一起做→指挥 v.1.to have control or authority over; rule;命令，指挥，控制 2.to deserve and receive as due; exact 应得，值得 n.ability to control or use; mastery 掌握，运用能力 习惯用语at command掌握 by sb.’s command听某人支配 get command of控制; under (the) command of由…指挥; 在…指挥之下 真题连线2006 Text 4 “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex，before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. “欢庆吧!”宣传关节炎良药西乐葆的广告这样号召道，随后我们却发现它能增加心脏病的发病率。 comment★ 构词com共同+ment思考，神智→共同思考→评论 n.a written note intended as an explanation, an illustration注释,评论,意见 v.to make a comment; remark.(on)注释,评论 习惯用语ask for comment征求意见 make comments on评论 offer comments提意见 comment on评论， 谈论， 对…提意见 真题连线2008 Text 2 Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. 根据同行的审阅评语，编辑将发表该论文或退稿。 commerce★ 构词com共同+merce交易→共同交易→商业 n.trade; buying and selling of goods 商业(尤指国际间的)贸易 链接commercialize v.使商业化, 使商品化 真题连线1999 Passage 2 Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. 网络商业模式的另一个重大变化体现在营销策略上。 commercial★ 构词com共同+merc交易+ial形容词后缀→共同交易的→商业的 a.1.relating to commerce商业的 ; 2.involved in work that is intended for the mass market 迎合大众的，有商业气息的 真题连线2006 Text 4 The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media，and with it，a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. 反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现，而随之兴起了一种商业文化，在这种文化中，快乐不仅是一个抽象概念，而是一种意识形态。 commission★ 构词com共同+miss送，放出+ion→共同送出[选出]的人→委员会 n.1.(交付某人进行的)行动、 任务或工作; 委托 2.a.委员会b.考查团; 调查团 3. 佣金; 回扣; 酬劳金 v.1.交付(某人)任务或工作; 委托 2.正式授予某人军官资格(的委任状) 习惯用语 in/into commission 在使用中, 服现役 真题连线1996 Passage 4 As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.” 正如1853年访美的一个英国访问团成员所报道的那样，“由于有了学校彻底训练过的头脑，美国孩子迅速地成为技术熟练的工人。” commit★ 构词com共同+mit送，放出→共同送→委任 v.1.to put in trust or charge; entrust;to refer to;把…交托给,提交 2.to make known the views of (oneself) on an issue 表明 链接commission n.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费 commitment n.委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务 committee n.1委员会2.委员会的会议、 成员、 决定. 习惯用语commit oneself on 对…表态; commit oneself to委身于， 专心致志于 真题连线2009 Text 4 Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ” 与此同时，许多移民并不像戴恩那样对宗教虔诚，正如一位牧师在海边迎面遇见的一帮渔民——他们自嘲来新大陆不是为了追求宗教信仰，“我们来此的最终目的是捕鱼。” commodity★ 构词com共同+mod方式，模式，风度+ity名词后缀→有共同模式的东西→商品 n.1.商品(日用品) 2.货物; 物品 真题连线2003 Text 3 But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. 但许多客户却抱怨说，对于依赖长途运输的大宗商品来说，如煤炭、化学制品和粮食，由于公路运输花费太大，这样铁路公司就会因此而主宰一切。 communicate★ 构词commune交流+ic+ate动词或形容词后缀→大家交谈→交流 v.1.pass on sth; transmit sth传播 ; 2.exchange information, news, ideas, etc 交流、 交换消息等 链接communication n.通讯,传达; (pl.) 通讯系统; 交通(工具) community n.1.社区; 团体; 集体; 社会; 2.有共同利益的集体;3.共享, 共有; 共同; 相同: 真题连线2003 Text 2 Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. 科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众，并且要使用有同情心和通俗易懂的语言，——一般人能够明白的语言，而不要使用分子生物学的语言。 commute★ 构词com共同+mute改变→和大家一起变动→坐公共车 v.1.travel regularly by bus, train or car between ones place of work and ones home 上下班往返 2.change sth into sth else 改变某事物 链接commutable a.可用不同方式制造、 偿付的 commutation n.减刑 变换付款方法 commuter n.上下班往返的人 真题连线2000 Passage 4 Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. 城市里的日本人长期忍受着漫长的上下班来回路程和拥挤不堪的居住条件，随着旧的群体家庭道德观的削弱，令人不舒服的结果开始显现出来。 compare★ 构词com共同+pare平等→平等放在一起→比较 vt.to consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous; like(to，with)比较;(to)把…比作 vi.to be worthy of comparison; bear comparison相比 n.comparison 比较 链接comparable a.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的; comparativea.比较的,相当的 comparison n.比较(compar比较+ison名词后缀→比较) 习惯用语(as) compared with和…比较起来 beyond( past )(without )compare 无与伦比的，不可及的 compare favourably with 优于;不亚于;not to be compared with相差极远， 远不如 compare to比拟， 比作 compare with(可)与…相比 真题连线2005 Cloze Test Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright. 与其他动物相比较，人类通常被认为在嗅觉方面感觉迟钝，但这主要是因为与其他动物不同，人类是直立行走的。 compassionate★ 构词com共同+pass感情+ion名词后缀→共同感情→同情+ate形容词后缀→富有同情心的 a.feeling or showing compassion; sympathetic.有同情心的 真题连线2003 Text 2 Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. 科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众，并且要使用有同情心和通俗易懂的语言，一般人能够明白的语言，而不要使用分子生物学的语言。 compel★ 构词com共同+pel推→一起推→强迫 v.to force, drive, or constrain to necessitate or pressure by force; exact 强迫,迫使 真题连线2000 Text 5 It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. 这就意味着，各国政府得越来越多地干预这些部门以便提高产量并确保产品会得到最好的利用。 compensate★ 构词com全部+pens“称重量，称银子”，引申为“花费”+ate→花费的钱全部[拿回来]→赔偿 v.to make satisfactory payment or reparation to; recompense or reimburse补偿,赔偿;抵消;弥补 链接compensation n.补偿(或赔偿)的款物;补偿，赔偿 真题连线2004 Text 1 Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. 有些人利用搜索代理密切观察对于本行业的需求或搜集有关加薪的信息以备增薪谈判时胸有成竹。 compete★ 构词com共同+pete追寻，寻求→共同追求(一个目标)→竞争 v.竞争; 对抗; 比赛 链接competition n.竞争，比赛;角逐，较量;(总称)竞争者 competitive a.竞争的;好竞争的;(价格等的)有竞争力的 competent a.有资格的,有能力的，能胜任的;足够的 真题连线2003 Text 3 Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. 通常，铁路公司对这些“被控”客户的收费要比有另一铁路公司竞争业务时多20%～30%。 ★competitive 构词compete+itive形容词后缀→竞争的 a.竞争的;好竞争的;(价格等的)有竞争力的 真题连线2009 Text 3 When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. 当竞争环境迫使我们的祖先实现了这种潜能的时候，他们反而可以获得更多的教育机会。 competitor▲ 构词com共同+pet追求+itor人(表名词)→参赛者 n.one that competes with another, as in sports or business; a rival.竞争者 真题连线2000 Passage 1 When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大8倍的市场，这使其工业经济具有前所未有的规模经济。 complementary★ 构词com全部+ple满，填满+ment形容词后缀→全部满→补足+ary形容词后缀→补充的，补足的 真题连线1999 Passage 3 In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. 不管怎样，基本的计算机技能只是对成为专业技术人员所需的各种实际技能的补充。 complete★ 构词com 全部+plet满+e→全满→完全的 a.having all necessary or normal parts, components, or steps; entire 完全的 真题连线 (1)2009 Part B In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy. 为了尽可能完整地研究特定文化，博厄斯精通语言学，语言研究学，体质人类学，人类生物学和解剖学。 (2)2000 Passage 4 “Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored,” says toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Partys education committee. 在考分中得不到体现的那些东西——个性、能力、勇气或人性——完全被忽视，“执政的自由民主党教育委员会主席toshiki Kaifu说。 complex★ 构词com共同+plex重叠→全部重叠→复杂的 a.consisting of interconnected or interwoven parts; composite; involved or intricated复杂的;合成的,综合的 链接complexity n.复杂(complex形容词“复杂的”+ity名词后缀→复杂) 真题连线2009 Text 3 More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work. 最近，研究人员在调查房屋建设时，发现尽管房地产行业的工作十分复杂，在德克萨斯州的休斯敦，那些未受过什么教育的、母语非英语的墨西哥工人总是能达到最佳的劳动力生产标准。 complicate★ 构词com全部+plic重叠，折叠+ate动词或形容词后缀→全部重叠起来→弄复杂 v.to make or become complex or perplexing使…复杂;使…难懂;使(疾病等)恶化 链接complicated a.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的; complication n.复杂,纠纷;并发症 真题连线2002 Text 2 What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented - and human perception far more complicated - than previously imagined. 在试图建造思维模型的过程中，研究人员发现，人类大脑中的近1000亿个神经细胞要比以前想像的更聪明，人类的感觉器官也比以前想像的更复杂。 component★ 构词com共同+pon放置+ent名词后缀→共同的放到一起→组成的 n.any of the parts of which sth is made (某事物的)组成部分; 成分; 零部件 链接component a.(整体中的)一部分的; 组成的 真题连线2005 Text 3 Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. 在高质量睡眠的所有因素中，梦似乎是最无法控制的一个。 compose★ 构词com一起+pose放→放到一起→组成 v.1.to make up the constituent parts of 组成,构成; 2. to make (oneself) calm or tranquil;使平静 3. to settle or adjust;使达成和解 链接composite a.混合成的，综合成的n.合成物，复合材料 composition n.作品,作文,乐曲;作曲;结构,组成,成分 真题连线2009 Text 4 While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. 尽管工匠和农夫中，更不用说家属和仆人了，很少有人留下可供分析的文学作品，但是很明显他们的观点与那些人相比，知识化程度要低一些。 compound★ 构词com全部+pound放→全部放到一起→化合物 vt.1.mix混合，组合; 2.to produce or create by combining two or more parts配制 3.to add to; increase使增加;增加 a.consisting of two or more substances混合的 n.a.复合物. b.化合物 真题连线1997 Cloze Test Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. 维生素是有机化合物，饮食中必须含有少量部分以维持动物(包括人)的生存和生长。 comprehension★ 构词com全部+prehend抓住→全部抓住→包括，理解+sion名词后缀→理解;包含 n.1.understanding 理解 2.the knowledge that is acquired in this way.理解力 链接comprehend v.领会, 理解, 包括(包含), 由…组成 comprehensive a.内容广泛的,总括性的，综合的 习惯用语be above comprehension难理解的 be beyond sb.’s comprehension不可理解的 be low of comprehension理解力迟钝的 pass sb.’s comprehension难以理解， 费解 真题连线2000 Passage 2 Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” 达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人，他们“看有机的生命如同野人看船，好像看某种完全不能理解的东西”。 compress★ 构词com全部+press挤压→全部压到一起 vt.to make more compact by or as if by pressing;to press together压紧，压缩;(把思想、文字等)浓缩 真题连线1998英译汉 Over billions of years，the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies，stars，planets and eventually，even humans. 数十亿年来，这种气体受引力的压缩形成星系、恒星、行星，并最终甚至产生人类。 compromise★ n. a middle way between two extremes妥协，折衷 vi. make a compromise; arrive at a compromise妥协，折衷, 危及…的安全 vt.危及，放弃(原则等) (com共同+promise→共同答应→妥协) 真题连线2008 Text 4 Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. 几位历史学家的著作揭示了美国早期领袖们在道德方面所做的妥协，以及美国在建国初期的脆弱性。 compulsion★ 构词com共同+puls驱动，推+ion名词后缀→共同推→强制 n.1.the act of compelling逼迫 2.an irresistible impulse to act冲动 真题连线2002 Text 2 That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. 这种不得已的行为导致了机器人科学的产生——一门将人类的能力赋予机器的科学。 conceive★ 构词con共同+ceive拿，抓，握住→共同拿→构想 vt.1.to become pregnant with (offspring)怀孕 2.to form or develop in the mind; devise构思 vi.to form or hold an idea构想出 真题连线2007 Text 1 Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.下面是一些猜测：a)某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能;b)冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这提高了踢足球的耐力;c)热爱足球的父母更可能在春季(每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期)怀孕;d)以上各项都不是。 concentrate★ 构词con共同+centr中心+ate动词后缀→集中 v.1.focus exclusively and intensely on sth, 全神贯注, 精神集中, 专心致志 2.come or bring together at one place 集合; 集中 3.increase the strength of a solution by reducing its volume浓缩 链接concentrate n.浓缩液;concentrateda.极度的; 紧张的; 表强调的; 强烈的 concentration n.专心，专注;集中，集结;浓度 习惯用语concentrate the/one’s mind 使某人急切地、认真地考虑某事 真题连线2007 Text 1 Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.有意练习需要的不只是简单地重复一个任务。相反，它涉及到确定明确的目标、获得即时反馈以及注重方法与结果。 concept★ 构词con 共同+cept拿，抓，握住→共同拿到心里的东西→概念 n.idea underlying sth; general notion 观念; 概念 链接conceptual a.观念的; 概念的; 观念上的; 概念上的conception n.观念 真题连线2004 Text 1 For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. 寻找任何职业，你都要从一个狭窄的概念开始，即你想干什么工作，然后再加以扩展。 conclude★ 构词con全部+clude关闭→全部关掉→结束 v.1.to bring to an end; close使结束;关闭 2.to bring about (a final agreement or settlement)缔结 链接conclusive a.决定性的(conclude结论;终结+ive形容词后缀→决定性的;结论性的) 真题连线2004 Text 4 Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: a Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. 莱维西最新著作《落后：一个世纪的失败学校改革》探索学校里反智主义倾向的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校绝没有抵制美国人对才学追求的厌恶。 concrete★ 构词con共同+crete制造→共同制造→混凝土 a.1.existing in material form; that can be touched, felt, etc 以物质形式存在的; 具体的; 实体的 2.definite; positive 确实的; 明确的; 确定的 3.solid凝固的 vt.to build with hard, strong construction material.凝结 vi.to harden; solidify硬化;固化 真题连线2003英译汉 Thus，the anthropological concept of“culture”，like the concept of“set”in mathematics，is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。 condemn★ 构词com共同+demn伤害→共同伤害→谴责 v.to express strong disapproval of: to pronounce judgment against 谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪 真题连线2004 Text 2 Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. 在过去的一个世纪里各种各样的不公和歧视遭到了谴责或定为非法。 condense★ 构词con全部+dense浓缩→全部浓缩 v.1.become thicker or more concentrated变稠或变浓; 浓缩 2.change from gas or vapour to a liquid凝结 3. put sth into fewer words 简缩; 摘要; 简述 真题连线1998英译汉 According to the theory，the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic，unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions，emitting radiation as it went，condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. 根据这一理论，宇宙的形成是由一团亚微观的、极其稠密的纯能量团朝四面八方向外发散，随着放出辐射线，浓缩成粒子，然后形成气体原子。 condition★ 构词con共同+dit给予+ion名词后缀→共同给出的[条件] n.1.状态; 处境; 地位; 身分 2.现状; 状况; 情况 3健康状况; 健康 4.条款; 规定; 约定; 条件 5.环境; 情况 真题连线2007 Text 2 Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under lowstress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership - that is, it predicted the opposite. 研究发现，如果在低压力状况下进行智商测试，那么这种测试就可以预测领导才能，但是，在高压力状况下，智商测试所得的结果与领导才能的关系是否定的，也就是说，它预测的结果是相反的。 conduct★ 构词con共同+duct引导，带来→引导大家一起做→指挥 vt.1.to direct the course of; manage or control.指挥 2. transmit传导 3.to comport (oneself) in a specified way:行为，举止 链接conductive a.传导的 conductor n.领导者, 经理, 指挥 真题连线1997 Passage 5 Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel. 因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导比作是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、后视镜破碎及方向盘失灵的汽车。 confer★ 构词con共同+fer带来，拿来→共同带来观点→协商 vt.1.to bestow (an honor, for example)授予 2.to invest with (a characteristic)赋予 vi.to meet in order to deliberate together or compare views.协商 真题连线2002 Text 2 That compulsion has resulted in robotics - the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. and if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. 这种不得已的行为导致了机器人科学的产生——一门将人类的能力赋予机器的科学。如果科学家们还没有在机械上实现科幻小说的幻想，那么他们也已经很接近这个目标了。 confess★ 构词con全部+fess说→全部说出→坦白 v.1.to disclose; admit坦白 2.to make known (ones sins) to God or to a priest忏悔 习惯用语confess (that)…得承认; confess to承认 真题连线2000 Passage 5 What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. 现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦白自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。 confidence★ 构词con全部+fide相信，信念→全部相信→吐露[真情] +ence名词后缀→信心，自信，信任 n.1.trust or faith in a person or thing.信赖 2.that which is confided; a secret私事 3.a feeling of assurance that a confidant will keep a secret信心 真题连线2004 Text 2 Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. 然而，结果可能就是成绩欠佳，因为这种学生得到的个人关注较少，同时当众讲话时的信心也不足。 confine★ 构词con全部+fine限制→全限制→监禁 v.1.to keep within bounds; restrict限制 2.to shut or keep in禁闭 n.purview; scope:范围;区间 习惯用语be confined to(局)限于，(被)限制在 between the confines of...之间的界线 on the confines of濒于， 差一点儿就; beyond the confine of超出…的范围 confine oneself to只涉及， 只限于 真题连线1998 Passage 5 The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. 热点的重要性不仅限于它们作为参照体系的作用。 ★confirm 构词con全部+firm→全部坚定→确实 v.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认，确定,批准 真题连线2009 Text 2 It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom—or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.俗话说，贤父知己子。可如今，男人却可以有方法来提升自己做父亲的智慧了——或至少可以确认自己是孩子的爸爸。 conflict★ 构词con共同+flict打击→共同打→冲突 n.1.war 战争 2. a clash冲突 真题连线2007 Part B They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically.他们也应该了解如何解决问题、化解冲突，应该了解集思广益和批判性思考的方法。 conform★ 构词con共同+form形状→形式共同→一致 v.1.to correspond in form or character; be similar.一致 2. comply 适合 链接conformity n.一致;遵守(con共同+form 形状+ity名词后缀→一致) 真题连线1999英译汉 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。 confront★ 构词con互相，共同+front前额→互相面对→对抗 v.1.to come face to face with面对 2.to come up against; encounter:碰到;遇到 vi.to engage in confrontation进行反抗 真题连线2003 Text 4 But not even a great health-care system can cure death——and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. 但是即使有一个伟大的医疗卫生体系，死亡也是无法战胜的——而我们不能面对这个现实，正危及我们自身的伟大。 confuse★ 构词con共同+fuse流，泻→流到一起→混合，混乱 vt.1.throw off使迷惑 2.to mistake误解 3.to make opaque; blur 使不透明;把…弄模糊 链接confusion n.混乱(con共同+fuse流，泻 +ion名词后缀→混乱) 真题连线2009 Text 4 Sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope—all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” 性的困惑、经济上的挫折以及宗教上的希望——这所有的一切汇聚于在他打开了圣经的一刹那，告诉他的神父他读到的第一行字将决定他的命运的时候，于是他读到了一行神秘的话语：“务必要从他们中间出来，勿沾不净之物，我将成为你们的上帝，你将成为我的子民。” congress★ 构词con共同+gress行走→走到一起→代表大会 n.1.代表大会 2.立法机关 真题连线2005 Text 2 If the administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures . 如果政府不争取立法上的主动权，国会就应该帮助政府开始采取保护措施。 connection★ 构词con共同+nect结;系+ion名词后缀→连结 n.1.the act of connecting连结 2.one that connects; a link连接器;连结物 3. an association or a relationship联系，关系 习惯用语enter into a connection with与…发生关系[打交道]have a connection with和…有关系，和…勾搭上 in connection with与…有关系; in this connection关于这一点， 就此而论 真题连线2004英译汉 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be. 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 conquer★ 构词con全部+quer寻求，询问→全部寻求到→征服 v.1.to defeat or subdue by force征服 2.to gain or secure control of克服 习惯用语stoop to conquer忍辱取胜; 降低身分以达到目的 to conquer or to die非胜即死， 不成功便成仁 真题连线1995 Passage 4 Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!” 过分地热衷于获胜会产生危险的后果：记住，第一位跑马拉松的费迪皮迪兹在说完“欢呼吧，我们赢了”之后几秒便倒地而死。 conscious★ 构词con全部+sci知道+ous形容词后缀→知道的→有意识的 a.1.having an awareness of有意识的 2. perception能理解的 3.subjectively known or felt自觉的 4.intentionally conceived or done; deliberate刻意的 链接unconscious a.无意识的consciousness n.意识 真题连线2009 Text 1 We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. 我们无意中养成了习惯，把我们的大脑如同自动驾驶仪般设定为自动操作，然后放松地进入到熟悉的常规的无意识舒服状态。 consent★ 构词con共同+sent感觉→共同感觉→同意 v.to give assent, as to the proposal of another; agree.同意 链接consensus n.大多数意见 (con共同+sens感觉+us→感觉一致) 真题连线1997英译汉 In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it:how do you reply to somebody who says“I don’t like this contract?” 此外，谁也不清楚，对于从来就不同意契约的人来说，这项契约又有多少约束力，因为有人要是说“我不喜欢这项契约”，那你又如何作答呢? consequence★ 构词con共同+sequ跟随+ence名词后缀→随之而来的全部东西→后果 n.1.结果 2.推论 3.重要 链接consequent a.作为结果的, 随之发生的consequently ad.从而, 因此 习惯用语 in consequence结果;因此 真题连线2005 Text 2 “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.” 科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。 conservation★ 构词con全部+serve服务，保持→全部保持下来→保存 n.the act or process of conserving.保护 链接conservative a.保守的; 稳妥的;小心谨慎的 真题连线2002 Text 3 Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. 能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的降低，都减少了石油消耗量。 consider★ 构词con共同+sider坐→坐在一起思考→考虑 vt.1.to think carefully about仔细考虑 2.to think or deem to be; regard as认为或相信;把…看作 3.to take into account; bear in mind考虑到;顾及 4 to esteem; regard尊重;看重 vi.to think carefully; reflect仔细考虑;深思 链接considerable a.相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的 considerate a.考虑周到的 consideration n.体谅, 考虑, 需要考虑的事项, 报酬 真题连线2009 Part C Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 既然我们的主要职责在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们就不禁会思考这样一个问题：我们是不是在履行职责的过程中也锻炼了自己的能力，而这些能力将会保障我们职责的履行。 consist★ 构词con共同+sist站立→站到一起→组成 vi.1.to be made up or composed由…构成 2.to have a basis; reside or lie在于 真题连线2004 Cloze Test More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. 更多的家庭由单亲父母或者都在工作的父母组成。因此，孩子在家里受到的管教可能没有传统家庭中受到的管教多。 consistent★ 构词consist由…组成;与…一致+ent形容词后缀→一致的 a.1.in agreement; compatible:符合的;可调和的 2.being in agreement with itself; coherent and uniform一贯的 3.reliable; steady可靠的;稳定的 真题连线2009 Text 3 The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living. 一家研究机构过去十年的研究结果始终表明：各个国家的工人都可以通过接受在职培训而大幅度地提高生产率，并因此大幅度地提高生活水平。 consolidate★ 构词con表示强调+solid坚固的+ate动词后缀→巩固 v.1.to unite into one system or whole; combine合并 2.to make strong or secure; strengthen巩固 真题连线2003 Text 3 The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. 铁路运输业内的大规模联合意味着多数客户将会依赖一家公司的服务。 constant★ 构词con始终+st站，立+ant形容词后缀→始终站着→不变 a.1.persistent持续的 2. invariable永恒的 3. faithful坚定的 真题连线1995 Passage 5 Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. 反复练习对记忆有很大影响，可以使人们熟练地演奏钢琴、背诵诗歌、乃至总结和理解这些词句。 constitute★ 构词con 一起 +stitute建立，放→放到一起→构成 v.1.to be the elements or parts of; compose构成 2.to amount to; equal等同于;相等 3.to set up or establish according to law or provision设立 4.to found (an institution)创建(机构等) 真题连线2002 Text 4 “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” “不少医生对病人所遭受的毫无必要的，可预见的痛苦无动于衷”，乃至于已构成“蓄意虐待病人”。 ★constraint 构词con一起+strain+ t加强→拉到一起→限制，约束 vt.限制，约束;克制，抑制, 强制,约束条件，【计算机】限制，对感情的压抑 链接constrain v. 强迫，勉强，驱使，强制 真题连线2009 Text 3 On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is. 相反，对提高生产力的限制解释了为何那里的教育发展的速度并没有快于目前的速度。 construct★ 构词con共同+struct建立→共同建立→建造 v.1.build建造 2.create by systematically arranging ideas or terms构筑 n.1.something formed构成物 2.a concept概念 3.a concrete image or idea形象 链接construction n.建筑, 建筑物, 解释, 造句 constructive a.建设性的 真题连线2009 Text 3 More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met bestpractice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work. 最近，研究人员在调查房屋建设时，发现尽管房地产行业的工作十分复杂，在德克萨斯州的休斯敦，那些未受过什么教育的、母语非英语的墨西哥工人总是能达到最佳的劳动力生产标准. consume★ 构词con全部+sum拿，取+ e动词后缀→全部拿光→消费 vt.1.to eat or drink up; ingest吃光 2.to expend; use up消耗 3.to purchase for direct use or ownership消费 4.to waste; squander 浪费;挥霍 vi.to be destroyed, expended, or wasted被毁灭、耗尽或浪费 链接consumerism n.用户至上主义 consumption n.消费, 消费量, 肺病 consumer n.消费者 真题连线2004 Text 1 With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. 因特网上与求职相关的网址数以千计寻找可能的职业空缺费时效率又低。 contemporary★ 构词con共同+tempor“时间”或时间引起的现象+ary形容词后缀→时间相同→同代的 a.1.belonging to the same period of time属于同时期的 2.of about the same age(大约)同年龄的 3.current; modern当前的;现代(派)的 n.【pl】one of the same time or age同龄人 真题连线1999英译汉 Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 社会科学研究的方法必须改变以适应这样一条指导，即以史料为基础，而不是为当代社会之需。 contempt★ 构词con共同+tempt藐视→大家共同看不起→轻视 n.1.scorn.轻蔑 2.open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of藐视 链接contemptible a.可鄙的 真题连线1999 Passage 2 But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. 但这种“推”销技术遭到许多网上用户的鄙视。 contest★ 构词con共同+test测试，证据→共同测试→比赛 n.a struggle for superiority or victory between rivals竞争 v.1.to compete or strive for竞争或为…而奋争;dispute or challenge辩驳 真题连线2003 Text 1 In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. 1995年中央情报局举办了一个竞赛，看谁能够收集到关于“布隆迪”的最多信息。 contradict 构词contra反+dict说话，断言→反说→反驳 vt.1.to assert or express the opposite of (a statement)驳斥 2.to deny the statement of 否认…的说法 链接contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾; contradictory a.反驳的, 反对的, 抗辩的 n.矛盾因素, 对立物 真题连线1998 Passage 3 Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. 萨根则更关注那些相信鬼怪上帝造物论和其他与科学世界观相左的人。 contrary▲ 构词contra反对，相反+ary形容词后缀→相反的 a.1.opposed反对的，违反的 2.opposite in direction or position相反的 n.either of two opposing or contrary things对立方 真题连线2001 Passage 4 On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. 相反，通信的价格在迅速下降。 contribute★ 构词con+全部+tribute给予→全部给出→捐献 v.1.to give or supply in common with others捐资 2.to submit for publication投稿 3.促成 链接contribution n.贡献 真题连线2008 Cloze Test This group generally do well in IQ test,scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm.总体来讲，这群人在智商测试中成绩很好，得分比100分的平均分高12至15分，但就像这个民族的精英，包括一些全球著名的科学家的事业所证实的那样，这个民族对西方学术及文化的贡献于他们的智商却不成正比。 convey★ 构词con共同+vey道路→共同用路→运输 v.1.transport传送; transmit传播
|
| 考研最新热贴: |
【责任编辑：育路编辑 纠错】 |
|
阅读上一篇：2011年考研英语核心词汇真题语境详解(2) |
|
阅读下一篇：2011考研英语攻坚阶段复习重点 |
|
|
报考直通车 |
| ·【访谈视频】2012考研英语高分复习方法——宏 |
| ·【访谈实录】2012年考研英语高分复习方法 |
| ·【访谈实录】2011年考研英语真题点评 |
| ·2011年考研英语科目试题及答案解析汇总 |
| ·恩波：2011考研英语大小作文真题及范文 |
| ·考研教育网：2011年考研英语一大作文范文 |
| ·2011年考研英语二冲刺自测题 |
| ·2011年考研英语二冲刺自测题下篇 |
| ·2011年考研英语二冲刺自测题中篇 |
| ·2011年考研英语二冲刺自测题上篇 |
| ·2011年考研英语点题班试题（第一套） |
| ·2011年考研英语全真冲刺模拟试题及答案汇总 |
