2011年考研英语2500障碍词巧记法(001)

　“Waiter, do you serve lobster here?”

　　“We serve anyone; take a seat, please.”

　　这个笑话发生在饭店，显然服务员与客人之间发生了误会，而误会的根源就在serve这个词上。客人所用的serve的意思是“供应，有没有…菜”，而服务员所用的serve的意思是“为…提供服务”。

　　无论是英文单词还是汉语词语大部分词都不会一个词只有一个意思，绝大部分的词都至少有两个或是更多的意思。所以在复习单词时不能只记住一个单词大致的一到两个词义而把其它的忽略不记，造成了只知其一，不知其二的局面。这样导致无法准确理解该词在句子中的意思，做起题来自然要出错。

　　本书第三章词义关联的多义词不仅列出了单词的各种义项，还在分析考研真题的基础上标出了哪些义项是已经熟悉的，哪些是不太熟悉而且是难点的，帮助考生避轻就重，对于熟悉的内容可以少花时间，对于难点的内容多下苦功。另外，通过【点睛】帮助学生学会如何发现词义间的联系，学会联想。后面的各个单词就由考生自己按自己的办法联想记忆。记忆单词的多个词义也不是一味的死记硬背，而是要注意一个词各词义之间的关联，因为一个词的多个词义往往有千丝万缕的联系，而且多个词义是不断衍生出来的，所以发现关联，加强联系，是记忆单词各种意思的好办法。

　　abnormal

　　adj. 1.反常的

　　Abnormal human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain. 食用能打破大脑微妙化学平衡的东西可能会引起人类的异常行为。(考研真题)

　　2.不规则的，无规律的abnormal bleeding 异常出血

　　【点睛】与此义相近的还有irregular意思是“不规则的，无规律的”，由regular加上表否定义的前缀ir派生而来。

　　【扩展】abnormality n.反常

　　It is not known whether the cancer and chromosomal abnormality(染色体异常)are independent events or whether one is the result of the other.(考研模拟)

　　abroad

　　【点睛】注意与aboard区别，两个词拼写很相似，aboard的意思是“在车、船、飞机上”。

　　adv. 【常见词义】到国外, 在国外

　　China’s nouveau riche(暴发户)are spending their holidays abroad in ever increasing numbers.越来越多中国的有钱人到国外度假。

　　They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well.(考研真题)无论是在本地，全国亦或国外，只要在商店、饭店使用就自动给卡的主人增加信用分，同时还提供很多银行服务。

　　Her parents often take trips abroad, leaving her all alone in their big house. 她父母经常去国外旅游，把她一个人留在大房子里。

　　Economic crises in financial capitals abroad will inevitably follow the recent troubles on Wall Street.。国外的经济危机必然会随着华尔街近期的金融问题而至。

　　【较难词义】[正式](谣言、消息等)四下流传中

　　The king wanted me to keep the secret that his wife was disloyal(不忠)to him, so I would never let it be spread abroad.

　　abrupt

　　【点睛】这个词的第一个意思很熟悉，但是第二、三个意思却是考研的难点。如果一个人言谈行为比较唐突，别人可能觉得他很粗鲁。一个很突兀的山坡自然是陡坡了。

　　adj.【常见词义】突然的 (unexpected)

　　Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts.(考研真题)过渡部分应该承上启下，这样才不会使文章有突兀的或令人费解的变化。

　　【较难词义】1.粗鲁的 (rude)

　　He is a very fine man even though he’s sometimes abrupt in manner. (考研真题)

　　2.陡峭的 (steep) an abrupt descent陡坡

　　【扩展】abruption n.突然的断裂 total abruption of all relations彻底断绝所有关系

　　absorb

　　v.吸引 (fascinate, captivate)

　　The students are absorbed in their studies for the big math exam.

　　People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.”(考研真题)人们被19世纪的商店发起的“消费文化”所吸引。这些商店环境优雅，商品琳琅满目。

　　【较难词义】占去(时间等)(take up)

　　His new girlfriend absorbs most of his time and we rarely see him anymore these days.

　　3.忍受 (bear)

　　The young couple, Tom and his wife, couldn’t absorb the additional financial hardships (困难)of living alone and had to move back home with Tom’s parents.

　　Families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement (退休)income.(考研真题)

　　【扩展】

　　absorption n.吸收

　　absorbent adj.能吸收的 be as absorbent as a sea sponge

　　absorbing adj.吸引人的 General introduction classes such as these will be of absorbing interest to a larger, more diverse audience; specialists on the topic, however, may be bored by these classes. 像这样的概论课程将吸引众多形形色色的听众，而研究该题目的专家可能会对这类课程感到厌烦。

　　【搭配】be absorbed in 专心于

　　He is often absorbed in business, although he is also periodically(偶尔的)distracted (分神)by his pretty young secretary.