3-6 课文：The open market rates are also taken into account. When commodities move in large quantities and are susceptible to charter competition, the rates may be left “open” so that a liner has the option of charging whatever is considered appropriate in the competitive situation.

　注释：open market rate:　公开市场费率　take into account: 重视，考虑 susceptible:易受影响的　so that : 所以option: 选择权 charge: 收费，要价 appropriate: 适当的 competitive: 竞争的

　　课文意思：公开市场费率同样受到关注。当货物运输的数量大且易受到租船竞争的影响时，为了适合竞争环境，因此费率可能会公开，所以班轮运输在运费价格方面有了可供选择的权利。

　　3-7 课文：The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as currency adjustment factor (CAF), the bunker adjustment factor (BAF) and port congestion surcharges.

　　注释：be subject to: 受…影响的 surcharge:　附加费用　adjustment factor: 调整因素 levy: 征收 from time to time: 有时 in order to: 为了 enable: 使能够 shipping line: 航运公司 variation: 变化，变更 input: 投入 currency adjustment factor:　货币贬值调整因素，货币贬值附加费　bunker adjustment factor: 燃油价格调整因素，燃油附加费 port congestion surcharge: 港口拥挤附加费(congestion: 拥塞)

　　课文意思：班轮费率也受附加费和其他调节因素的影响而变化，这些费用可能会被不时征收以使航运公司应付投入中的价格变化，比如货币贬值的影响，燃油价格变化的调整因素和港口拥挤附加费。

　　1.The total costs of providing the service of transportation consist of fixed costs and ( ) -2004年单选题

　　A. variable costs

　　B. administrative costs

　　C. costs of repairs

　　D. costs of crew

　　答案：A

　　分析：班轮运费总的费用包括固定成本和可变成本两个部分。

　　2.When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( ) principle nowadays.

　　A. open market rate

　　B. surcharges

　　C. service cost

　　D. stowage factor

　　答案：C

　　分析：决定运价水平高低取决于许多因素，最初的“运输所能承受”原则，现在逐渐被考虑服务成本原则所替代。

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