英语三级复习指导:高分语法二
来源：发布时间：2009-08-27
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英语三级复习指导:高分语法（2）
但是不能够说：Himself does it. 应改为： He does it.
This is himself’s book.. 应改为：This is his own book..
牢记make possible的三种形式：
1. make+名词+possible；
His financial aid makes this trip possible.
2. make+possible+名词（名词短语较长时）
His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student’s entering of
th
e world famous
university.
3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (见形式宾语部分)
The father’s hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better
ed
ucation.
定语从句可分为限定性和非限定性两种，其主要区别为：
1. 非限定性定语从句中，引导词和先行词之间需用逗号隔开。
2. 非限定性定语从句中，引导词一般不用that，
在修饰人时用who, whom, whose
He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.
在修饰物时用 which
部分状语从句可以省略，在填空题中时有出现
如：Although defeated, he did not lose heart. (从句中省略了he was)
If inFORMed timely, I wouldn’t have missed the meeting. (从句中省略了
I were)
注意: 当现在完成时的时间状语是for + 一段时间(已经有…时间了), 和since
+ 一个
时间点(自从…以来)的时候, 句中的谓语不能是非延续性动词(暂短性动词), 如不
能说
:
I have borrowed the book for ten days. (错误: borrow这个动作是发生在图书
出纳
台上的一次性动作, 不能延续, 因此不能和for引导的时间状语连用)
应改为: I have kept the book for ten days.
这样的暂短性动词还有: buy/sell, break, die, graduate, drop等
倒装
倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：
一、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如：
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如：
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn’t her invitation appeal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有：
Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才), No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不) Nwhere
At no time Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭
配使
用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he
came ou
t first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the
door in m
y face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需填入的是倒装部分，只要在句首见到上述的词
，就
应条件反射的想到用倒装句
第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词
短语
或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she
had ca
st.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the governme
nt, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.
第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装
如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was dan
ger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final
exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样
同理，体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can’t dance, neither/nor can I.= I can’t, either.
他不会跳舞，我也不会。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装
如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.
第四节 疑问倒装
疑问句需部分倒装语序，由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。
如：What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
by可视为被动语态的标志词，by之后的名词短语是句中动作的施动者；在题干中若
见到
by+名词的结构要优先考虑用被动式
如: The wall is painted by Tom.
The book was written by Mark Twain.
注意1：by之后如果接的是动名词，则表示方式、手段，不能视为被动式的标志，
且此时
谓语应用主动式，
如：He passed the exam by cheating.
注意2：对于know来讲，一般用be known to 而不用be know by
强调句中it作形式主语可以替代任何被强调的部分
基本模式：It + be + 强调对象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
如：It was only you who cared for me. (强调主语)
It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (强调宾语)
It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (强调地点状语)
It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (强
调时间
状语)
It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (强调
状语
从句)
注意：强调的对象是人时，可用who, whom或that, 其余情况一律用that; 当强调
对象在
从句中做主语时用who/that, 当强调对象在从句中做宾语时用whom/that.
虚拟语气
此章内容在TOEFL考点中处于相对次要地位，但在英文中是比较活跃的用法，必须
对其有
所了解, 这样对读题非常有帮助
虚拟语气是英文中一特殊的语言现象，主要用于表达与事实相反的陈述，常表达强
烈愿
望、遗憾、感慨、后悔、责备、规劝等语义，可大致分为三类
一、对现在事实的虚拟
基本形式：If + were /did等过去式…, …would /could /should /might + do
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon.
(事实上，I’m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.)
If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy.
This is himself’s book.. 应改为：This is his own book..
牢记make possible的三种形式：
1. make+名词+possible；
His financial aid makes this trip possible.
2. make+possible+名词（名词短语较长时）
His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student’s entering of
th
e world famous
university.
3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (见形式宾语部分)
The father’s hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better
ed
ucation.
定语从句可分为限定性和非限定性两种，其主要区别为：
1. 非限定性定语从句中，引导词和先行词之间需用逗号隔开。
2. 非限定性定语从句中，引导词一般不用that，
在修饰人时用who, whom, whose
He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.
在修饰物时用 which
部分状语从句可以省略，在填空题中时有出现
如：Although defeated, he did not lose heart. (从句中省略了he was)
If inFORMed timely, I wouldn’t have missed the meeting. (从句中省略了
I were)
注意: 当现在完成时的时间状语是for + 一段时间(已经有…时间了), 和since
+ 一个
时间点(自从…以来)的时候, 句中的谓语不能是非延续性动词(暂短性动词), 如不
能说
:
I have borrowed the book for ten days. (错误: borrow这个动作是发生在图书
出纳
台上的一次性动作, 不能延续, 因此不能和for引导的时间状语连用)
应改为: I have kept the book for ten days.
这样的暂短性动词还有: buy/sell, break, die, graduate, drop等
倒装
倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：
一、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如：
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如：
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn’t her invitation appeal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有：
Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才), No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不) Nwhere
At no time Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭
配使
用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he
came ou
t first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the
door in m
y face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需填入的是倒装部分，只要在句首见到上述的词
，就
应条件反射的想到用倒装句
第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词
短语
或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she
had ca
st.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the governme
nt, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.
第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装
如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was dan
ger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final
exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样
同理，体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can’t dance, neither/nor can I.= I can’t, either.
他不会跳舞，我也不会。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装
如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.
第四节 疑问倒装
疑问句需部分倒装语序，由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。
如：What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
by可视为被动语态的标志词，by之后的名词短语是句中动作的施动者；在题干中若
见到
by+名词的结构要优先考虑用被动式
如: The wall is painted by Tom.
The book was written by Mark Twain.
注意1：by之后如果接的是动名词，则表示方式、手段，不能视为被动式的标志，
且此时
谓语应用主动式，
如：He passed the exam by cheating.
注意2：对于know来讲，一般用be known to 而不用be know by
强调句中it作形式主语可以替代任何被强调的部分
基本模式：It + be + 强调对象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
如：It was only you who cared for me. (强调主语)
It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (强调宾语)
It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (强调地点状语)
It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (强
调时间
状语)
It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (强调
状语
从句)
注意：强调的对象是人时，可用who, whom或that, 其余情况一律用that; 当强调
对象在
从句中做主语时用who/that, 当强调对象在从句中做宾语时用whom/that.
虚拟语气
此章内容在TOEFL考点中处于相对次要地位，但在英文中是比较活跃的用法，必须
对其有
所了解, 这样对读题非常有帮助
虚拟语气是英文中一特殊的语言现象，主要用于表达与事实相反的陈述，常表达强
烈愿
望、遗憾、感慨、后悔、责备、规劝等语义，可大致分为三类
一、对现在事实的虚拟
基本形式：If + were /did等过去式…, …would /could /should /might + do
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon.
(事实上，I’m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.)
If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy.
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