| Increasingly, the development of tourism is seen to have an effect on the environment. Erosion is one problem. The steps and stones of major popular sites like Shakespeare’s birthplace or Stonehenge are literally being worn away by millions of foreign feet. The remedy in the case of Britain’s best known prehistoric monument has been to use railings to keep visitors at a distance. Such measures can hardly be adopted in the house of the Bard, however, where tourists want to enter the actual building. Overcrowding in cities, towns and villages is another problem. Traffic jams are an outcome. In narrow roads, tourist vehicles cause congestion. Local traders and residents cannot get around doing their work. Car parks fill up, so strangers park their cars where they can in streets, across gateways, in laybys, or even in private driveways. This causes obstruction. The sheer weights of incomers can be a hazard. Thus Venice, a city built for half a million inhabitants, is swollen by another half million who populate the city daily in the tourist season eight million visits each year. The mayor recently decided to limit visitors to 90 000 a day: the only way to save the city from inundation. Pollution is a further consequence. The Lakes are popular for people who enjoy water sports, such as waterskiing, power boat racing and swimming, but boats pump sewage directly into the water. Facilities can be provided to prevent this happening, but this is costly. There are also problems with litter. The threat to wildlife habitats is yet another result. Tourists around the Lakes destroy vegetation. This is harmful to animals which build their nests along the shores. Wildlife refuges have been created which have helped protect these natural sites. On the Greek island of Zakinthos, the breeding beaches of the rare loggerhead turtle are being threatened by tourist disturbance. Local conservationists try to monitor and protect the turtles but they have been attacked by the angry owners of taverns and hotels who make lucrative profits from bars or renting snubbed and umbrellas. Government compensation payments for the loss of business might be the answer, but this would be costly. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．The development of tourism has brought about environmental problems. B．Tourism should not develop at the cost of the environmental destruction. C．Measures taken to protect the environment prove to be ineffective. D．Tourism is developing for the sole purpose of making money. As a result of overdevelopment of tourism, Venice _____ . A．is overcrowded with cars B．is overloaded C．is worn away D．is badly polluted Paragraph 3 points out that the Lakes _____ ． A．have too many boats on them B．are overcrowded on the beaches C．are polluted by wastes D．are no longer attractive On the island of Zakinthos, measures to protect the turtles meet resistance chiefly for _____ ． A．political reasons B．economic reasons C．environmental reasons D．developmental reasons |
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