2011年秋季MBA跟我学专栏—英语（第三周）

英译汉

Passage 1

（1）The types of daydreams，whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles：positive，negative and scattere，American Health reports. Although everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types，positive daydreams are more likely to imagine happy，playful or entertaining scenarios.（2）Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life's darker side imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations，such as the appearance of a fatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence. Scattered daydreamers are easily bored and distracted."Their mental images tend to be fleeting，repetitive and shallow，like variations on the same fairy tales，"explains Yale psychologist Ron Tower.

（3）While all three types are common，positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards（跳板）for problem solving，while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious. Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe "to fall."Their imaginations are often guilt-ridden or obsessive. There are times when drifting away can cause problems，according to Bolin."If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day，the person won't be very productive，"she says，"The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is what's important. It should not take up all of your time.（4）If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive（过多的），they should take a realistic look at what's going on in their life and ask themselves what they are trying to avoid. Then they can assess what steps they need to take to correct the situation."（Anyone who has a hard tme discriminating between reality and imagination or starts replacing real life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.）（5）Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person："by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instead of squelching（抑制）them，you may find there are parts of yourself you haven't been listening to. Instead of fearing them，you'll gain access to tremendous range of interesting，creative ideas."

Passage 2

In the 1990s，people are very aware of how bad things are. As a result，they completely ignore information about new developments and crises to prevent themselves from going "crazy".Today's leaders should therefor provide people with a sense that current problems are soluble（可以解决的）. We need to break large-scale crises down to small manageable pieces rather than cause people to believe that the situation is even more complex and difficult that they thought. People need to believe that they can really do something within their own situation，and to do this，they must recognize that it is in their self-interest to change their behavior.

英译汉答案及解析

Passage1

（1）《美国健康》杂志报道说：人们的白日梦类型在童年时代就已经形成，不管是令人愉悦的、充满希望的、还是充满绝望的，在童年时代每个人就形成了三种基本白日梦类型中的一种，即：积极型的、消积型的或零散型的。

（2）消积型的白日梦者总是想象着生活中比较阴暗的方面，想象着危险的和（或者）威胁生命的情景，诸如出现一种致命的或使人衰竭的疾病，或是自己成了暴力的受害者。

（3）这三种白日梦类型都很常见，积极型的幻想最有可能作为解决问题的跳板，而消积型和零散型的白日梦可能会使人感到焦虑不安。

（4）如果人们发现自己的白日梦过多了，那他们就要现实地看待他们生活中正在发生的事情，并问问自己他们是在力图逃避什么。

（5）辛格教授总结了白日梦对普通人的益处：静静地坐在那里，让你的白日梦浮现出来，而不是抑制它们，你就可以发现你尚未注意到的、自身内心活动的那些部分。

Passage2

在20世纪90年代，人们都非常清楚事情是那么糟糕。因此，他们对有关新的发展和危机的信息一概不予理睬，以免自己会"发狂"。因此，如今的领导人应当向人们灌输当前的问题是可以解决的这样一种意识。我们需要把大规模的危机分解为可处理的若干部分，而不要使人们认为，情况比他们想象的还要复杂和困难得多。人们应当相信，在他们自己的活动范围内，他们的确是能够有所作为的；为了达到这一目的，他们必须认识到，改变他们的行为方式，正是他们自身利益之所在。