Unit2   Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）

Text 1
　　When Alexandre Gustave Eiffel completed the design and commenced construction of the tower in Paris which was to bear his name, a lot of loud protests were heard from nearly every quarter. Artists, writers, composers, and others publicly condemned the structure as monstrosity. Yet today, more than a hundred years later, virtually everyone proclaims the Eiffel Tower a work of genius and great beauty.

　　The idea of a 1,000-foot tower had been proposed for the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876. But it was the French who finally authorized such a structure for their Paris Exposition of 1889. When the design competition was concluded, the winning entry was one submitted by Eiffel, a builder of bridges who had been among the first to employ prefabricated and standardized structural parts to speed and simplify construction. Earlier in his career, he had solved the problem of how to support the Statue of Liberty by fastening the envelope of copper sheets with an interior framework of wrought iron.

　　Thus it was that he approached the building of his tower with iron although he recognized steel as “the metal of the future.” Within a little more than a year after the first ground was broken in 1887, the four huge inward-facing pillars were in place over the four-acre site, and the tower’s first platform secured 187 feet above ground. When the French Exposition opened in May of 1889, the tower was complete, ready for the first of millions of people who would climb her 1,710 stairs or ride her elevators.

　　Owned since 1909 by the city of Paris, the Eiffel Tower is now 1,052 feet in height since the addition of a television transmission antenna. Almost two million visitors to the Paris Exposition paid to climb the tower during its first year, and a similar number continue each year to pay to inspect it, thus making the Eiffel Tower Europe’s most popular tourist attraction. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel died in 1923 at the age of 91 years.
1. As is stated in the text,
［A］ the iron tower was named after its designer prior to its construction.
［B］ the construction of the tower began in an unfavorable atmosphere.
［C］ the design of the tower was considered as a work of genius.
［D］ the naming of the iron tower encountered widespread objections.
2. The construction of the tower gave rise to vigorous protests because it
［A］ cost a tremendous amount of labor and money.
［B］ didn’t find favor with the highest quarters.
［C］ was considered as of extraordinary size and shape.
［D］ was disapproved by people from all parts of the globe.
3. Alexandre Eiffel was authorized to build such a tower because
［A］ he proposed the idea of such a tower early in 1876.
［B］ he was the first person to present his design to the authorities.
［C］ he had solved the problem of consolidating the Statue of Liberty.
［D］ his design was superior to any others technically and economically.
4. The Eiffel Tower was constructed
［A］ for the opening of the French Exposition.
［B］ on an enormous platform of four acres.
［C］ as high as one thousand and fifty-two feet.
［D］ with the metal of the future as building material.
5. It is a fact that
［A］ the height of the tower proper is well over a thousand feet.
［B］ the ground floor of the tower was fixed in more than a year.
［C］ the tower’s essential parts were constructed on building site.
［D］ the completion of the iron monster took only two years.

Text 2
　　There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment, they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician, but later one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced, not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation, but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result, and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a “negative therapeutic reaction”.

　　There is no doubt that there is something in these people that sets itself against their recovery, and its approach is dreaded as though it were a danger. We are accustomed to say that the need for illness has got the upper hand in them over the desire for recovery. If we analyse this resistance in the usual way — then, even after fixation to the various forms of gain from illness, the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles to recovery, more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic(admiring one’s own self too much) inaccessibility, a negative attitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness.

　　In the end we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a “moral” factor, a sense of guilt, which is finding satisfaction in the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. We shall be right in regarding this disencouraging explanation as final. But as far as the patient is concerned this sense of guilt is dumb; it does not tell him he is guilty, he feels ill. This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a resistance to recovery which it is extremely difficult to overcome. It is also particularly difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be ill; he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the right remedy for his case.
6. According to the author, some unusual patients would
［A］ openly resist the treatment of the physician.
［B］ intentionally hold the physician in contempt.
［C］ respond against the physician’s expectation.
［D］ disregard the appreciation by the physician.
7. For the patients the author describes,
［A］ a hopeful treatment often leads to a reverse result.
［B］ a local treatment improves temporarily their symptoms.
［C］ a partial solution betters rather than worsens their illness.
［D］ a right solution cures them partially of their illness.
8. The author’s study of this syndrome leads him to think that
［A］ patients must be convinced of the treatment by analysis.
［B］ patients’ sense of guilt may hinder them from getting well.
［C］ patients need to know the final explanations of their illness.
［D］ patients should give up the punishment of suffering from their illness.
9. It can be inferred from the text that
［A］ certain people behave in a particularly fashionable way.
［B］ the need for illness has overcome the desire for recovery.
［C］ the patients who are content with their illness are guilty.
［D］ the syndrome of inverse reaction to therapy is curious.
10. The root cause of the resistance to recovery lies in the fact that the patients
［A］ are apt to refuse the recognization of the physician’s authority.
［B］ can hardly put up with being praised or appreciated by their doctors.
［C］ cling to the unconscious belief in their deserved penalty by sickness.
［D］ suffer from a chronic mental disease that offers them a feeling of guilt.