2018考研英语复习：”一词多义”词汇如何破

 　　2018考研的小伙伴们分享了部分考研英语词汇在整个考研英语中的重要意义，不知道各位有木有进行深入的思考。

　　一词多义——discipline

　　首先，之所以选择这个词汇作为事例，是因为一是这个词汇来源于考研阅读真题，二是根据这个词汇，出题人为各位考生在题目选项中埋下了坑。各位小伙伴们先和我来看一下这个词汇吧：

　　Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics ,especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.

　　Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. "

　　It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics__

　　(A)benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge

　　(B)shed light on disciplined school management

　　(C)was brought about by privileged home training

　　(D)owed a lot to the technological development

　　这个时候各位考生可以直接参看文章中的discipline和选项B中的discipline的意思是否一致，以及在题目考察上，出题人的心思都“放在了哪儿”。抛去整个段落的意思及其他选项以及B选项是否正确，我们就discipline一词进行分析。文章中的discipline是在引语“With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman”，从discipline所处的位置可以推出discipline在这里是名词的词性，从其众多名词词义出发，我们不难推出discipline的意思为训练，a mind prepared by thorough school discipline的意思为学校彻底训练过的头脑，而在选项中shed light on disciplined school management中的discipline则是使用了discipline的过去分词形式，相当于作定语，因此，这个时候我们就需要考虑discipline的动词意思了(训练，训导，惩戒)。Shed light on 是阐释的意思，而disciplined school management则是严格的学校管理。因此，不难看出，出题人在这里给考生设置了干扰选项，其中discipline一词在这个“坑”上功不可没。