2017考研英语-浅析定语的几种用法

 　　2017考研英语-浅析定语的几种用法

　　考研英语离不开对语法的理解和掌握。很多同学在阅读以及翻译过程中，往往受到后置定语的影响，在阅读中找不准句子的主干，理解不了句子的意思，影响了对文章的理解，句子的翻译。因此，文都教育的老师对后置定语进行了整理。

　　一、单词做后置定语

　　1、以a-开头的表示状态的形容词，一般在句子中当表语成份，但作定语时须后置，类似的形容词有：alive, asleep, alike, alone, awake, aware, ashamed, adrift, ablaze, absent, afraid, available等如：

　　Jim was awake at that time.

　　No man alive is greater than he.

　　2、部分表示方位、处所、时间副词作定语。如here, there, above, below, upstairs, downstairs, outside, inside, around, today, nearby 等常作后置定语。如：

　　The boy there is playing football.

　　Please answer the questions below.

　　3、形容词修饰复合不定代词时应后置

　　There is something important to do.

　　Let’s give her something different to eat,then.

　　4、else只作后置定语，修饰疑问词或不定代词。

　　Who else can help me?

　　Tom is taller than everyone else in his class.

　　5、有些词既可作前置定语，也可作后置定语。如：

　　possible, enough, more(另外，附加的)proper

　　It’s the only solution possible.

　　二、短语作后置定语

　　1、介词短语、副词短语、形容词性短语等用作后置定语。

　　如 China is a great country with a long history.(介词短语)

　　The girl in the red hat is my younger sister.(介词短语)

　　You’d better ask the policeman over there.(副词短语)

　　The basket full of fruits belongs to the beautiful girl.

　　(形容词性短语)

　　2、不定式用作后置定语。如：

　　I have a lot of work to do today.

　　He told me his plan to start a company.

　　The building to be built was designed by Mr Wang. =The building which will be built was designed by Mr Wang. (相当一个定语从句)

　　If I have the chance to go abroad I’ll never let it go.

　　3、分词短语作定语。单个分词一般作前置定语，而分词短语作后置定语，此时可以转化相应的定语从句。

　　The man standing there is our English teacher.(现在分词短语作定语)

　　The Greens have a daughter called Kate.(过去分词短语作定语)

　　The building being built was designed by Mr Wang.

　　The young man waving to me is a friend of mine.

　　现在分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是主动关系,过去分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是被动关系。

　　综上所述，我们在阅读、翻译和写作时，应该加深对于后置定语的领会，应多分析，多朗读这类句子，有利于我们对长句和难句的理解。此外，使用分词短语写作可以使句子更加简短，丰富作文的表达方式。如果大家想了解更多考研英语中语法知识，可以登录文都网校，参考研究生考试英语相关课程。