2014年考研英语英汉短语和句型对照

来源：跨考教育时间：2013-05-29 13:10:30

　　下面根据历年考研英语的考试真题整理的有关考研英语英汉短语和句型对照，供大家参考：

　　一、常考的短语及句型

　　anything but 根本不;nothing but 只不过是;

　　all but 几乎，差一点，除……以外其余都是;

　　but for 要不是;but that +从句，若不是……;

　　..., only to+动词，结果是……;not so much...as...与其说，不如说;

　　not so much as 连在一起写为“连……都不(肯)”; not nearly/by no means/far from 远不;

　　to say nothing of, not to speak of, not to mention, let alone 更不用说;

　　much less, still less 引导词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定;

　　no more...than... 和……一样都不……;

　　more...than... 与其……不如……;

　　no less than... 简直是，实在是;nothing less than 完全是，实在是;

　　not that...but that... 不是……而是……;cannot...too... 再……也不过分，应该;

　　other...than，other than 不同于，非，除了;

　　the last person/thing, etc.+ to do sth…比较不可能的……;

　　It is asserted that... 有人断言……;It is reported that... 据报道……;

　　It is believed that... 人们/有人认为……;It is considered that... 有人/人们认为……;

　　It is said that 据说……;It is supposed that... 据推测

　　二、常见的短语及句型实例

　　1as 引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时作定语从句处理

　　例：“In short”, a leader of the new school contends,“the scientific revolution,as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(1994年考研试题)

　　[译文]：新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称之为的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用。这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”

　　2anything but 根本不;nothing but 只不过是;all but 几乎，差一点;除……以外其余都是;but for 要不是;but that +从句，若不是……

　　例1Alone in a deserted house,he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.(1990年考研试题)

　　[译文]：虽然他单独一人住在这幢房子里，但他埋头于研究工作，一点也没有感到孤独。

　　[注释]：句中 anything but 意为 not at all。试对比：He seldom talked of anything but painting.(他除了绘画很少谈到别的事情)。此句中 but 作介词，意为 except。

　　例2The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. (1993年考研试题)

　　[译文]：科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨的解释的表达方式。

　　例3The party was all but over when we arrived.

　　[译文]：我们到达时，聚会已近尾声。

　　[注释]：此句中 all but 意为 nearly,almost。

　　例4But for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday.

　　[译文]：要不是因为下雨，我们的假日一定过得很惬意。

　　例5But that you had seen me in the water, I would have drowned.

　　[译文]：要不是你看见我掉在水里，我早就淹死了。

　　3“名词，+or +名词”结构中or 后的名词是同位语，应译为“即……;或者称……”

　　例：Moreover,technology includes techniques,or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.

　　[译文]：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。

　　4“...,only to +动词”意为“……，结果却……”

　　例：They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre,the cinema or the opera,only to discover,perhaps,that the show is disappointing.(1995年考研试题)

　　[译文]：他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的戏票，结果却发现，所演的节目令人失望。

　　[注释]：“...， only to + v. ”表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。

　　5not nearly 永远不

　　例：Food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. (1991年考研试题)

　　[译文]：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。

　　[注释]：1) this 是指上面的“到21世纪初世界人口将增加到60亿或70亿”。2)又例：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job. (这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。)

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