2012考研英语指导 用阅读练考研写作

　　【认知】

　　今天我们选取的是2010年第一篇文章，原文如下：

　　We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turns of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’. ”

　　【解析】

　　在这一段当中，字数已经达到了171个字，同学们在写作文的时候，肯定没有必要写那么多，不过正如上课所讲的，如果你要练习一千米长跑，我们平时训练的时候一般都会多跑几百米，所以，如果这里字数超出考研作文要求，那是因为文章整体字数也超出了很多，所以按照适当比例，我们可以推断出，如果文章写5段，4段，3段，分别每段在多少字为宜，这里不赘述。除了句型，今天要解析的重点就是背景介绍的逻辑和模式，这也是我们十种论证方式当中的第四种(关于数据逻辑的方式大家可以去微博看相关视频，上课有讲到)。

　　We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews(这一段的主题句，反复应征上一段的观点) published in England between the turns of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days(老外的从宏观到微观的论证方式，和google earth很像), it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business(相对于前面一句，这一句更加的细化), and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men(顺承前句) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote(再进一步细化), “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’. ”‘

　　所以，整个段落的背景介绍思路和模式是：

　　二战到20世纪的报刊评论(大环境)——报刊杂志的评论量足细节更足(行业)——评论家(如同消磨那和纽曼)对周围实事了如指掌(行业人群体)——这些评论家喜欢在上面发表文章(行业人群)——其中一位(纽曼)的话(行业人个例)。

　　从微观的角度分析句子，相对来说，如果有了前面五篇的基础，就比较容易了，尽管句子越来越长，但是难度并不大。

　　We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turns of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

　　这个句子的实质就是A，at a time when B and C(a was considered as b 后面加上定语从句)。

　　顺便说一句啊，在考研写作过程当中，出现太多的we会显得不够客观，所以可以把we换成people。

　　In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.

　　这句主要的语言点在于it was taken for granted that...相当于it was natural that...只是语气更为强烈。

　　Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

　　两句话中间加逗号加and，相信这个大家不陌生，这里不赘述，只是要注意长短句的结合，哪怕在同一个句子里面，我们都看出了一张一弛，其他的就是定语从句了，然后就是wear their learning lightly大家可以学学，毕竟非常地道，如果不知道意思，可以想想反义wear their learning heavily，穿着学识沉沉的外衣，意思可想而知，反之则相反，“低调”“深藏不露”，“不显山不漏水”，“学究气不浓”，“不好为人师”相信都可以的。从整个文章来说，“即便是像萧伯纳和纽曼这样__________的人也希望在报纸上发表一些评论”，如果是高调或者喜欢炫耀的意思，就不会有even though这个语气在里面。

　　These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.

　　这里要学习的是believe in A as B，其他自便。

　　“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’. ”

　　一般在考研作文当中，很少出现引语的，所以这里不详细讲，不过大家可以尝试一下在没有中间隔断的情况下，这句话是不是也可以作为仿写的对象，毕竟纽曼还是很有文采的。修改整理后的句子变成了

　　Few authors have enough brains or enough literary gift to keep their own end up in journalism, so that I am tempted to define 'journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt (applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’).

　　【应用】

　　和以往五篇不同，从第六篇开始，我们就已经不再是简单做单句的仿写，而是确定一个统一的主题，然后从模式和模板两个层面，双管齐下。比如讲到选美比赛本身其实并不能让大家真正的接近美。这个主题的大环境是，大家其实从某种意义上已经不在乎什么是美，因为美太主观，在这个大环境下，选美比赛的主办方正是利用了关于美的不确定标准，吸引了眼球，谋求了利益，在这个选美比赛的小环境下，选手们，组织者们，观众们作为行业群体的表现各异，但是目标几乎都不是为了接近美，比较后如果愿意的话，可以举出个案，延伸到主办方用商业化毁掉美，观众增加茶余饭后的谈资，以及选手通过整形等方式获得胜利等相关分话题。

　　We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

　　People are generally farther from the the essence of beauty "advocated" from beauty contests worldwide since the beginning of 21st Century, as a time when the standard of beauty has been diversified, and contests or competitions have been considered as never-failing eye-catchers in which the slogan of pursuing the true beauty constantly talks but seldom walks.

　　In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.

　　In these profit-based days, it is taken for granted that the leaders of related commercial organizations would put financial reward on top priority throught contests they hold.

　　Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

　　Theirs is a high-profit business, and even though who wear the badge of "the ultimate beauty pursuer", could be trusted to anticipate the winning of the game.

　　These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.

　　These contestants believed in beauty contests as a shortcut to personal prosperity, and must be proud to be appreciated, admired, or even adored by individuals and groups from various channels.

　　了解了背景介绍的段落写作手法后，我们慢慢发现，在通往高分作文的路上，模板的威力越来越小，模式的威力显现的越来越大，比较关键的是要心知肚明写完上句后，下句应该写什么，就算内容上不明确，方向上应该有个指引，否则自然是为了写而写，或者以为完成了模板这个动作，分就高了。改卷老师的确没有时间那么详细的分析你的套路和逻辑，但是，没有这样的逻辑和模式支撑，很难形成这样的语言包装，而我们要达到的效果是，任何考官读到这段当中的任何句子时，都会明白，这和普通的范文以及其他考生的文章截然不同，不论他是否选择继续停留，他都会明白，让这位考生出类的，远远不只是模板。

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