三、分词的独立主格结构
分词的独立主格结构是分词的一种特殊形式,在句中作状语。在分词的独立主格结构中,名词或代词同其后的分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等在逻辑上有主谓关系。
1、分词的独立主格结构构成类型
1)“逻辑主语+分词”或“名词/代词+分词”形式。例如:
He sat in front of them, his dusty face masking his age.
他坐在他们的前面,满是灰尘的脸掩盖了他的真实年龄。
All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.
考虑到所有的事情,原计划的旅行将被迫取消。
2)There being+主语。例如:
There being no danger, the police went back to their police office.
既然没有危险,警察们又回到警局。
There having been no rain, the crops were dying.
没有下雨,庄稼就要旱死了。
3)with+名词词组+分词。例如:
With the problem settled, they were happy and relaxed.
问题解决了,他们又高兴又轻松。
With the price of gold going up, our economy would be improved.
随着黄金价格的上涨,我们的经济形式会有所好转。
2、逻辑主语与分词的关系
现在分词表示主动,逻辑主语发出、作出动作;过去分词表示被动,逻辑主语承受动作;分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。例如:
Writing to her, he expresses his wish to be a lawyer.他写信给她,表示自己要当一名律师。
I found the letter written ten minutes ago by John.我发现信是十分钟前约翰写的。
以上只是初步总结和归纳了分词和独立主格结构的用法,希望它能帮助同学们提高这方面的知识。
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