2009年考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(四)

来源：时间：2009-05-19 15:23:29

TEXT 2

For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as.What’s the difference between love and fondness?Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.

Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms: the StanfordBinet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales（both come in adult and children’s version）.Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under lowstress conditions, but under highstress conditions，IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that testtaking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?

［A］Answering philosophical questions.

［B］Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.

［C］Telling the differences between certain concepts.

［D］Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.

27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from paragraph 3?

［A］People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

［B］More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

［C］The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

［D］Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because

［A］the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.

［B］creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

［C］vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.

［D］ the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that

［A］test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.

［B］IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.

［C］testing involves a lot of guesswork.

［D］traditional tests are out of date.

30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?

［A］Supportive. ［B］Skeptical. ［C］Impartial. ［D］Biased.

ability15［E5biliti］n.①能力，智能；②才能，才干

achieve12［E5tFi:v］v.①完成，实现；②达到，达成，获得

analogy2［E5nAlEdVi］n.比拟，类比

analytical1［7AnE5litikEl］ a.分析的，分解的

argue19［5B:gju:］v.①争论，辩论；②认为，主张，论证；③说服

aspect8［5Aspekt］n.①样子，外表，面貌；②（问题等的）方面

assess4［E5ses］v.估价，评价

attitude14［5Atitju:d］ n.①（to，towards）态度，看法；②姿势

author69［5C:WE］n.①作者；②创始人

available18［E5veilEbl］a.①可用的，可得到的；②可以见到的，随时可来的

average17［5AvEridV］n.平均（数）；a.①平均的；②普通的，一般的；v.平均，均分

bias7［5baiEs］n./v.（使有）偏见，偏心，偏袒

capacity8［kE5pAsiti］n.①容量，容积；②能量，能力；③接受力；④生产力

capture4［5kAptFE］n.捕获，俘虏；v.①吸引（注意）；②记录；③俘虏

characteristic8［7kAriktE5ristik］a.（of）特有的，独特的；n.特征，特性

coincidence2［kEu5insidEns］n.①巧合，巧事；②一致，符合

column2［5kClEm］n.①圆柱，柱状物；②列；③（报刊中的）专栏

component4［kEm5pEunEnt］n.①组成部分；②成分；③部件；a.组成的，合成的

concept15［5kCnsept］n.概念，观念，思想

conclude5［kEn5klu:d］v.①结束，终结；②断定，下结论；③缔结，议定

confuse9［kEn5fju:z］v.使混乱，混淆

critical7［5kritikEl］a.①批评的，评论的；②危急的，紧要的；③临界的；④重要的，关键的

deduce2［di5dju:s］v.（from）演绎，推断

define7［di5fain］v.①给…下定义；②限定，规定；③解释，阐述

element5［5elimEnt］n.①元素；②组成部分；③人员，分子

emphasize6［5emfEsaiz］v.强调

extreme4［iks5tri:m］a.①末端的，尽头的；②极度的，极端的；n.①极端；②比较大程度；③极度（状态）

feature9［5fi:tFE］n.①特征，特色；②（报纸或杂志）特写；③容貌，面貌；v.给显著地位

field5［fi:ld］n.①田，田野；②场地；③专业，领域；④实地；野外

figure10［5figE］n.①体形；②数字；③图形；④人物；v.（out）算出，估计，推测

format1［5fC:mAt］n.设计，安排，样式；v.使格式化

genetic2［dVi5netik］a.遗传的，起源的

graduate3［5grAdjueit］n.（大学）毕业生，获（学士）学位者；v.①（使）（大学）毕业；②获学位；a.①毕了业的；②研究生的

graph2［grB:f］n.图表，曲线图

infer21［in5fE:］v.推论，推断

intelligence13［in5telidVEns］n.①智力，聪明；②理解力；③情报，消息，报导

intelligent4［in5telidVEnt］a.聪明的，明智的

involve20［in5vClv］v.①卷入，陷入，连累；②包含，含有，涉及

knowledge 15［5nClidV］n.①知识，学识；②知道，了解

leadership4［5li:dEFip］n.领导

measure14［5meVE］v.测量；n.①尺寸，大小；②［常pl.］措施，办法；③法案，法律规定

moreover9［mC:5rEuvE］conj./ad.再者，加之，而且

multiply1［5mQltiplai］v.①（by）乘，使相乘；②倍增，增加，繁殖

nature14［5neitFE］n.①自然界，大自然；②性质，本性，天性

note9［nEut］n.①笔记，记录；②按语，注释；③便条，短笺；④钞票，纸币；⑤暗示，建议v.①记下，摘下；②表明，认为

numerical2［nju(:)5merikEl］a.数字的，用数表示的；a.数字的，用数字表示的

object5［5CbdVikt］n.①物体；②客体，对象；③目的，目标；④宾语；v.（to）反对

obtain11［Eb5tein］v.获得，得到

obvious13［5CbviEs］a.明显的，显而易见的

parade1［pE5reid］n.游行，检阅；v.（使）列队行进，游行

paragraph66［5pArEgrB:f］n.①段，节；②小新闻，短评

pattern11［5pAtEn］n.①模式，式样；②图案，图样；v.仿制，模仿

peer2［piE］n.同等的人，贵族；vi.凝视，窥视；vt.与…同等，封为贵族

philosopher8［fi5lCsEfE］n.哲学家，哲人

practical7［5prAktikEl］a.实际的，实用的

predict13［pri5dikt］v.预言，预测，预告

procedure4［prE5si:dVE］n.程序，手续，步骤

reliable5［ri5laiEbl］a.可靠的

result37［ri5zQlt］n.结果，成果，成绩；v.①（in）导致，结果是；②（from）起因于，因…而造成

scale3［skeil］n.①刻度，标度；②天平，磅秤；③比例尺；④规模；⑤音阶；⑥鱼鳞

school 44［sku:l］n.①学校；②（大学里的）学院，系；③学派，流派

science58［5saiEns］n.①科学；②学科

score8［skC:］n.①得分，分数；②二十；v.得（分），记（…的）分数

sequence1［5si:kwEns］n.①先后，次序；②连续，数列

shape2［Feip］n.①形状，外形；②情况，状态；③种类；v.成型，塑造

skeptical2［5skeptikEl］a.怀疑性的，好怀疑的，无神论的

skip1［skip］v.跳，蹦，急速改变，跳读，遗漏，跳跃；n.跳跃

solve9［sClv］v.解决，解答

specify2［5spesifai］v.指定，详细说明

statistical2［stE5tistikl］a.统计的，统计学的

stress9［stres］n.①压力，应力；②重音；v.强调，着重

suit4［sju:t］v.①合适，适合；②相配，适应；n.①一套西服；②诉讼

supplement2［5sQplimEnt］n.①补充；②增刊；③附录；v.增刊，补充

testify1［5testifai］v.（to）说明，证实

variation2［7vZEri5eiFEn］n.①变化，变动；②变种，变异

verbal3［5vE:bEl］a.①用言辞的，用文字的；②口头的；③动词的

version2［5vE:FEn］n.①型，版本；②译本，译文；③说法，看法；④（某种）形式

visual2［5viVjuEl］a.看的，视觉的

web12［web］n.网，蜘蛛网

word36［wE:d］n.①词，单词；②［常pl.］话；③消息，传说；④诺言，保证；v.用言语表达

assessment2［E5sesmEnt］n.估价，被估定的金额

bookstore1［5bukstC:(r)］n.书店

chronological1［7 krCnE5lCdVikEl］a.按年代顺序排列的

computational1［7kCmpju(:)5teiF(E)n(E)l］a.计算的

correlated1［7kCrE5leitid］

a.有相互关系的

creativity5［7kri:ei5tivEti］n.创造力，创造

distribution6［7distri5bju:FEn］n.分配，分发，配给物

elude1［i5lju:d, i5lu:d］v.躲避

encompass2［in5kQmpEs］v.包围，环绕，包含

envision1［in5viVEn］vt.想象，预想

folding1［fEuldiN］a.可折叠的

fondness1［`fCndnIs］n.爱好，溺爱

given22［5giv(E)n］a.特定的，假设的

guesswork1［5^eswE:k］n.臆想，猜测

impartial2［im5pB:FEl］a.公平的，不偏不倚的

indicator4［5indikeitE］n.指示器

negatively1［5negEtivli］ad.否定地，消极地

neurology1［njuE5rClEdVi］n.神经学，神经病学

philosophical1［7filE5sCfikEl］a.哲学的

populate3［5pCpjuleit］v.居住，构成…人口

primarily2［5praimErili］ad.首先，起初，主要地，根本上

psychologist2［psai5kClEdVist］n.心理学者

query2［5kwiEri］n.质问，询问；v.询问

scholastic1［skE5lAstik］a.学校的，学者的；n.学究，学生

standardize4［5stAndEdaiz］vt.使符合标准，使标准化

superhigh1［5sju:pE5hai］a.超高的

toil1［tCil］n.辛苦，苦工；vi.跋涉，苦干

traditional7［trE5diFEn(E)l］a.传统的，惯例的，口传的，传说的

visualize2［5vizjuElaiz］v.想像，显现

结束

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