2009最完整的高考语法终极解析-冠词
1. 冠词(a, an, the)
难点形成原因:
1. 分不清元音音素、辅音音素或元音字母、辅音字母。
2. 不能区分不定冠词a ,an和定冠词the, 不知什么是特指、泛指。
3. 把握不准特殊情况下冠词的用法。
4. 没有经常总结,归纳。
5. 训练量不足, 使用不熟练,易混淆。
解决办法:
1. 老师挑选典型例句进行精讲精炼。
2. 总结、记住特例。
3. 熟记用法。
4. 多积累,多巩固,多进行记忆并对一些抽象的题目进行具体化的演绎分析。
5. 多复习,多练习。
用法讲解:
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种:定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。
一、不定冠词的基本用法
不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前,其中a用于以辅音音素(辅音音素24个【 p 】 【 b 】【 t 】 【 d 】 【 m 】 【 l 】 【 r 】等,不是辅音字母)开始的词前。而an是用于以元音音素(元音音素20个 【 i: 】 【 i 】 【 e 】【 au 】等, 不是元音字母a, e, i, o, u)开始的词前。如: a university, a useful tool , a computer, an orange, an hour, an 800-meter bridge,
Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite an exciting experience. (02全国)
用法 | 典型例句 |
1、与可数名词单数连用,表示类别。 | --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard. --- You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer. (2006 北京) |
2、泛指某人或某物, 表示"某一个",相当于a certain。 | --- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? (2006 全国1) --- Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here. |
3、用于数量、时间等名词前,表示“每一(单位)的……”相当于per。 | I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海) |
4、用于固定词组中。 | a knowledge of , have a gift for , give sb. a ride, a couple of, have a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, tell a lie, do sb. a favor |
二、定冠词的基本用法
用法 | 典型例句 |
1、用来特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。 | Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most important one.(2006 辽宁) |
2、指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。 | Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you. (2006 浙江) |
3、复述上文中提到的事物。 | There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new. |
4、用于单数可数名词之前,表示该类事物,相当于a。 | When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. (04全国I) |
5、序数词和形容词最高级前。 比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词the。 | The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. (02上海春季) I want to chat with the taller of the two men. |
6、在表示方位、乐器的名词前。 | Summer in the south of play the piano, play the violin |
7、用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。 | the Smiths |
8、表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。 | the sun; the moon; the earth; the world |
9、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及某些建筑物等名称前。 | According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. (2006 全国II ) After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the |
10、在某些形容词之前,可表示某一类人。 | the rich; the poor; the old; the wounded, the living, the dead |
三、不用冠词(零冠词)情况:
用法 | 典型例句 |
1、人名、地名(街名、广场名、公园名)、大学名、国名、病名前。 | Wang Fu Jing Street Pei Hai Park北海公园 Beijing University 但也可说the University of Beijing |
2、抽象名词表示一般概念时,一般不用冠词。 | When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. (04辽宁) |
3、物质名词表示一般概念时,一般不用冠词。 | The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.(2001全国) |
4、表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前,常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时,加the。 | We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有:president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等 |
5、表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前,不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。 | Children’s Day; Women’s Day; May Day the Spring Festival |
6、三餐、学科名称、球类活动和棋类游戏的名称前,不用冠词。 | play basketball; play chess |
7、man作“人类”讲时,同human, mankind 一样不用冠词。 | While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, |
8、by与表示“通信、交通”的词连用,表示通信,交通手段时,不用冠词。 | If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one. (05全国III) |
9、复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。 | It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. ( 05北京) |
10、有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义,不加冠词,常作状语。 | His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.(2001上海) in surprise (wonder, danger, tears, comfort ), in love with, under pressure, beyond expression等 |
典例精析:
1. _______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _______ packed lunch. (2007山东)
A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The; a D. A; 不填
答案:C。
解析:the walk是指大家心中都明白的walk,因此用定冠词特指;a packed lunch是泛指,指一份盒饭。
2. --- Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnsons, please?
--- Sorry, we don' t have _______ Johnson here in the village. (2007 全国II)
A. the; the B. the; a C不填; the D. the; 不填
答案:B。
解析:"the +复数姓氏"表示"夫妇"或"全家"。在人的姓前加a,表示"某个姓……的人"。所以选B。
3. I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week. (2007北京)
A. the; a B. the; the C. 不填;the D. the; 不填
答案:B。
解析:bed特指说话的双方心目中的那张床,要用定冠词the。book后接定语从句,特指上周丢失的那本书,要用定冠词the。所以选B。
4. I wanted to catch _____early train, but couldn't get _____ride to the station. (2007天津)
A. an; the B./; the C. an; / D. the; a
答案:D。
解析:early train特指早班火车,要用定冠词the。ride表示泛指要用不定冠词a。所以选D。
5. Christmas is ______ special holiday when ______whole family are supposed to get together.(2007辽宁)
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the
答案:D。
解析:这句话的意思是:圣诞节是一个整个家庭应该聚在一起的特殊的节日。 A special holiday"一个特殊的节日",是泛指,用不定冠词a。the whole family特指"整个家庭",用定冠词the。所以选D。
(责任编辑:卢雁明)
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