09年高考英语考试内容：阅读理解

2009-02-18 16:13:02 来源：

阅读理解

　　阅读理解是高考的重头戏。在冲刺阶段，应有计划地安排考生多进行一些限时训练，通常每五篇阅读材料作为一组，在35到40分钟里完成。这样既可以保证考场上充沛的阅读精力和体力，又可以营造考试的氛围，还提高了阅读速度。不要忘了The examination is a race against time(考试就是和时间赛跑)。同时，为了适应高考阅读材料，不妨读一些难易程度适中、原汁原味的文章，有条件的同学可以读21th Century(成人版)，English Salon，也许会起到无心插柳柳成荫的效果。我们不仅要加强阅读训练，而且要注重以下几个方面：阅读要有广度；阅读要有深度；阅读要有速度，按考试说明中35分钟的建议答题时间计算，读速应达60WPM左右。

　　不但要快速阅读、整体理解，还要注意积累词语。“听不懂，说不出，读不通，写不好，都是英语单词记得少。”如果你的词汇量达到或超过大纲的要求，对付任何试题也就不成问题。做阅读题时，一遍浏览大意，二遍各个击破，三遍检查核对。阅读时眼中有字，心中揣意，把握命题原则——“大小猜判”。(大—— 考查大意；小—— 细节辨别；猜—— 字词句义；判—— 推理判断。)判断文章的中心思想时，注意全文的中心不可太具体，但也不能与文章内容相差太远。猜测词义一定要看上下文，因为英语的特点是没有上下文就没有意思。在做阅读理解题时，要学会将文章、题干、选项统一起来，在理解文章的基础上，领会考查内容。阅读理解不是考查考生语法知识，因此在做答时不能忽略细节，要利用细节对文意进行推理和判断，看各选项在意思上有什么不同，切勿忽视做题的第一印象。　要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：

　　(1)理解主旨和要义；

　　【导读】文章的主旨大意一般出现在开头、结尾和过渡段。不过有时贯穿整篇文章。考生要培养快速浏览全文，提取主旨要义的能力。
　　(2)理解文中具体信息；
　　(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义；
　　【导读】正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义，是理解文章的第一步，也是基础。英语单词的含义随语境的不同会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，不使用词典而通过阅读上下文推断生词的含义，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
　　(4)作出简单判断和推理；
　　(5)理解文章的基本结构；
　　【导读】把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查，一般反映在理解文中某一段落的作用或某些词语的指代关系的题目中。
　　(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
　　【试题举例】(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)

　　Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson，Arizona.He moved there a few years ago，and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.

　　My earliest memories of my father are of a tall，handsome，successful man devoted to his work and family，but uncomfortable with his children.As a child I loved him；as a school girl and young adult(成年人)I feared him and felt bitter about him.He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was.Whenever I went out with him on weekends，I used to struggle to think up things to say，feeling on guard.

　　On the first day of my visit，we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor cafe.We walked along that afternoon，did some shopping，ate on the street table，and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions.Gone was my father’s critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules.Who was this person I knew as my father，who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around？What had held him back before?

　　The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood.Although our times together became easier over the years，I never felt closer to him at that moment.After so many years，I’m at last seeing another side of my father.And in so doing，I’m delighted with my_new_friend.My dad，in his new home in Arizona，is back to me from where he was.
　　56.Why did the author feel bitter about her father as a young adult?
　　A.He was silent most of the time.
　　B.He was too proud of himself.
　　C.He did not love his children.
　　D.He expected too much of her
　　57.When the author went out with her father on weekends，she would feel________.
　　A.nervous B.sorry
　　C.tired D.safe
　　58.What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
　　A.More critical. B.More talkative.
　　C.Gentle and friendly. D.Strict and hardworking.
　　59.The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to________.
　　A.the author’s son
　　B.the author’s father
　　C.the friend of the author’s father
　　D.the cafe owner　　【文章大意】本文是记叙文，主要讲述“我”和自己的小儿子去“我”父亲家看他的新房子的事情。我感受到了父亲的巨大变化：他以前那种严厉冷酷的架势不见了，多了一份亲切、关怀。
　　56.【答案】D
　　【解析】考查细节理解。答案信息在第二段“...felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s...”。
　　57.【答案】A
　　【解析】细节判断题。信息提示在第二段最后一句话：“Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.”
　　58.【答案】C
　　【解析】细节理解题。从第三段与第四段可找到答案。
　　59.【答案】B
　　【解析】考查指代问题。根据全文可知，父亲以前很苛刻，我和他关系很疏远，如今他变了，容易让人亲近了，此时把父亲称作自己的“新”朋友，后文信息提示“my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.”　(2008年北京卷)

　　Domestic(驯养的)horses now pull ploughs，race in the Kentucky Derby，and carry police.But early horses weren’t tame(驯服的)enough to perform these kinds of tasks.Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.

　　Thousands of years ago，people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food.Over time，people began to catch the animals and raise them.This was the first step in domestication.

　　As people began to tame and ride horses，they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics.For example，people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily.People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals.Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’genes.So as the domesticated horses reproduced，they passed the characteristics on to their young.Each new generation of horses would show more of these chosen characteristics.

　　Modernday horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication.The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds－typically reaching only one meter tall.With short，strong legs，the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts(矿井)with low ceilings.Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700.People bred these heavy，tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.

　　The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies.For example，horses were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture.Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently.Before they were able to ride horses，humans had to cross land on foot.Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distances in much less time.That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another.The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.
　　59.Before domestication horses were.
　　A.caught for sports B.hunted for food
　　C.made to pull ploughs D.used to carry people
　　60.The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show.
　　A.it is smaller than the Clydesdale horse
　　B.horses used to have gentle personalities
　　C.some horses have better shapes than others
　　D.horses were of less variety before domestication
　　61.Horses contributed to the spread of culture by.
　　A.carrying heavy loads
　　B.changing farming methods
　　C.serving as a means of transport
　　D.advancing agriculture in different areas
　　62.The passage is mainly about.
　　A.why humans domesticated horses
　　B.how humans and horses needed each other
　　C.why horses came in different shapes and sizes
　　D.how human societies and horses influenced each other【文章大意】文章从现代马的功用与过去的功用的不同入手，讲述了人类如何对马进行选择驯化，造成了马的种群的多样性；同时也介绍了马的驯化对人类社会的影响。
　　59.【答案】B
　　【解析】细节判断题。由第一、二段可判断，人类先是猎马为食，然后喂养，最后才是根据人类需要进行驯化。
　　60.【答案】D
　　【解析】细节推断题。由第四段第二句“This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication”可推断出马被驯化前没有如此多的种群，再由作者所举的例子“the shetland horse”可看出马是根据人的需要从单一种群被驯化为多种种群的。
　　61.【答案】C
　　【解析】细节判断题。从最后一段“Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distances in much less time .”和“The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.”可判断马在文化传播中所扮演的角色为交通工具。
　　62.【答案】D
　　【解析】主旨大意题。文章前两段引入马的驯化这一话题。第三、四段讲述人类根据自身需要把马驯化为多个种群。第五段讲述了马对人类社会发展的影响。只有D项涵盖了文章的内容。