高一英语：必修2英语单元重难点解析2 unit 1
(1)spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
① spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例：
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
② spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例：
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(2)cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示"值"， 常见用法如下：
①sth. costs + (sb.) +金钱. 某物花了(某人)多少钱。例：
A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
② sth. costs + (sb.) +代价. 做某事使某人付出了什么代价。例：
Drunk driving cost him his life. 酒后开车使他付出了生命的代价。
(3)take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：
①It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
②It takes (sb )+sth + to do sth. 做某事需要(某人)某物。例：
Courage is what it takes to succeed.成功需要勇气。
A smile is sometimes what it takes to cheer a friend up. 有时候一个微笑就会使朋友高兴起来。
(4)pay的基本用法是：
① (Sb) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例：
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
② pay for sth. 付……的钱。例：
I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
③ pay sb (+ to do) 付钱给某人(去做某事)。 例:
We pay the baby-sitter by the hour. 我们按小时给保姆钱。
I will pay you $3 to clean my car.我给你3美元你替我洗车。
语法点拨
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
一.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的概念
1.限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that, which, whom, who, whose以及关系副词when, where, why等，没有逗号把从句与先行词分开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。例如：
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?
Where is the book which I bought this morning?
2.非限制性定语从句：
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that引导。例如：
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.
English is an important subject, which every student should study well.
二. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 从形式上看，限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连，两者没有停顿;非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
2. 从意义上讲，限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，两者密不可分;而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，两者关系不那么紧密。
3. 从翻译方法来看，一般来说，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。例如：
This is the house which we bought last year. 这是我们去年买的那幢房子。(限制性)
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. 这封信是他父母写来的，他们在西藏工作。(非限制性)
4. 从关系词的使用来看:
(1) that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。
(3) 非限制性定语从句的关系代词which既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。指代前面整句的含义时，定语从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
She heard the terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. (which指代noise) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。 (Which指代"他似乎没领会我的意思"这个句子。)
(4) as在引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，有"正如，就像"之意。as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前，之中或之后，位置灵活。例如："我们都知道，吸烟有害健康"这句话可译成：
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.
Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.
Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to us all.
典题赏析
考例一：He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
【解析】答案A。先行词是discovery，定语从句意为"这个发现对科学很重要"，所以引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做主语，由which引导。I think是插入语，考虑句子结构时可忽略，定语从句就简化成了which is of great importance to science。
考例二：There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.
A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when
【解析】答案B。全句意为"曾经有一段时间我痛恨上学"。 第一空a time表示一段时间，第二空引起定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，所以用when。
考例三：Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
【解析】答案D。从句意为"我对"Carol说的在十月前能做好这项工作表示怀疑"， which代表"十月前能做好这项工作"这部分内容，并在从句中做宾语。
考例四：Professor William keeps telling his students that the future ______ to the well-educated.
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
【解析】答案A。belong to 不能用被动，也不能用于进行时。
考例五：I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why
【解析】答案B。a point是先行词，定语从句空白处意为"在这一点上"，所以用表地点的where。这里表示一个抽象的地点。
考例六：It's none of your business _______ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how B. what C. which D. when
【解析】答案B。此题意为"别人怎么看你跟你无关。相信自己。"表示对某人或某物的看法，常用句型有：What do you think?
What would you say…?
What do you think of/about …?
How do you feel about …?
How do you like sth?
What's your idea/opinion of…?等。
(责任编辑：康彦林)
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