高一英语：上册重点语法解析unit 1 school life
1. 语法术语及基本概念：
(1). 先行词: 被定语从句所修饰的那个词。
(2). 关系代词/关系副词:用来引导定语从句的关联词。
(3). 定语从句:一个句子用作某一名词或代词的定语时，我们称这个句子为定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的那个词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which 以及关系副词when, where, why来引导，定语从句一般位于先行词之后。
2. 关系代词的用法：
(1). 先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，用who或that来引导。 e.g. Do you know the man who / that is standing over there?
The girl who / that took you to my place is my friend.
(2). 先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，用whom或that来引导，但通常可以省略。先行词是人，关系代词在介词后面必须用whom，而且不能省略，也不能用that。
The boy (whom / that) we saw yesterday is Mr. Wang’s son.
The old man with whom I often go to the films is my grandfather.
(3). 先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，用which或that来引导。
e.g. The train which / that has just left is for Guangzhou.
The earthquake which / that happened in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
(4). 先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，用which或that来引导，但通常可以省略。
e.g. The bird (which / that) we caught the other day flew away yesterday. The pen with which I am writing was bought in the Shopping Center.
(4).关系代词whose的用法：
关系代词whose 意思是“谁的”，“什么的”;它是who和which的所有格形 式，它可以用来引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中做定语，修饰从句的主语或宾语。
e.g. This is the house whose door / the door of which / of which the door faces east.
The relative pronouns referring to function in the clause
who person(s) subject/object
whom person(s) object
that person(s)/thing(s) subject/object
which thing(s) subject/object
whose person(s)/thing(s)
(of whom/which) attributive
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