高一英语：知识点总结Unit5-6(9)
4. be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.
(1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 从句。I'm afraid (that) 其语意相当于 I'm sorry, but...。
-- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? -- I'm afraid not. 恐怕不准时。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.
(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone. / He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.
(3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.
5. live, living, alive, lively
(1) live adj.
① 活的;活生生的;(只修饰生物;只作前置定语) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.
② 实况直播的 (不是录音)It wasn't a recorded show. It was live.
③ 带电的;燃着的;可爆炸的 This is a live wire.
(2) living adj. 活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living. (或alive)
(3) alive adj. ① 活着的;② 有活力的;有生气
作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive?
作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.
作补语：Let's keep the fish alive.
(4) lively adj. 活泼的;有生气的;活跃的(作表语或定语) The music is bright and lively.
6. take off, take down, take in, take on, take up
(1) take off
① (飞机)起飞 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.
② 脱下(衣裳等);取下 He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door?
③ 休假;请假;歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.
④ (指观念、产品) 大受欢迎;(事业)突然发达，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties.
(2) take down
① 拿下来;取下来 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.
② 记下来 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.
(3) take in
① 接受 (房客，客人等);收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.
② 理解;领会;明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.
③包括;涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.
④使上当;欺骗We were completely taken in by her story.
(4) take on
① 接受;从事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.
② 雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more assis- tant?
③ 具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.
(5) take up
① 从事某项活动;发展某种爱好 So many young men want to take up writing.
② 开始做(某项工作);开始学习(某个课程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast. / He dropped medicine and took up physics.
③ 占去 (时间或空间) The meeting took up the whole morning. / The table takes up too much room.
④ 接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.
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